Roman Family and the Exposure of Infants

One aspect of Roman society that tends to horrify modern people, an aspect that isnt limited to the Romans, but was practiced by many others, excluding the ancient Jews* and Etruscans, is the practice of abandoning their infants. This is generally known as exposure because the infants were exposed to the elements. Not all infants so exposed died. Some Roman infants were picked up by families in need of a slave. In contrast, the most famous case of exposure of a Roman child ended not with slavery, but the crown. The Most Famous Roman Exposure of Infants The most famous exposure occurred when the Vestal Virgin Rhea gave birth to twins whom we know as Romulus and Remus; however, the babies did not then have those names: the father of the family (paterfamilias) formally had to accept a child as his and give it a name, which wasnt the case when an infant was tossed aside shortly after birth. A Vestal Virgin had to remain chaste. Giving birth was proof of her failure. That the god Mars was the father of Rheas children made little difference, so the boys were exposed, but they were lucky. A wolf suckled, a woodpecker fed, and a rustic family took them in. When the twins grew up, they got back what was rightfully theirs and one of them became the first king of Rome. Practical Reasons for Exposure of Infants in Rome If infant exposure was suitable for their legendary founders, who were the Roman people to say it was wrong for their offspring? Exposure allowed poor people to get rid of extra mouths to feed, especially the mouths of baby girls who were also a dowry liability.Children who were imperfect in some way were also exposed, supposedly, according to the dictates of the Twelve Tablets.Exposure was also used to get rid of children whose paternity was unclear or undesirable, but the exposure wasnt the only method that was available. Roman women employed contraceptives and received abortions, as well.The paterfamilias technically had the right to get rid of any infant under his power. Christianity Helps End Exposure of Infants Around the time Christianity was taking hold, attitudes towards this method of destroying unwanted life were changing. The poor had to get rid of their unwanted children because they couldnt afford them, but they had not been allowed to sell them formally, so instead, they were leaving them to die or to be used to economic advantage by other families. The first Christian emperor, Constantine, in A.D. 313, authorized the sale of the infants [Child-Exposure in the Roman Empire, by W. V. Harris. The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 84. (1994), pp. 1-22.]. While selling ones children seems horrible to us, the alternative had been death or slavery: in the one case, worse, and in the other, the same, so the sale of infants offered some hope, especially since in Roman society some slaves could hope to buy their freedom. Even with legal permission to sell ones offspring, exposure didnt end overnight, but by about 374, it had been legally forbidden. See: Child-Exposure in the Roman Empire, by W. V. Harris. The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 84. (1994). Did the Ancients Care When Their Children Died?, by Mark Golden Greece Rome 1988. The Exposure of Infants in Roman Law and Practice, by Max Radin The Classical Journal, Vol. 20, No. 6. (Mar., 1925). Exposure comes up in Greek and Roman mythology in a slightly different context. When Perseus rescues Andromeda and Hercules Hermione, the princesses, both of an age to marry, had been left or exposed to avert local disaster. Presumably the sea monster was going to eat the young women. In the Roman story of Cupid and Psyche, Psyche is also exposed to avert local disaster. *

Stereotypes Of The Homeless People - 1092 Words

Stereotypes of the Homeless People become homeless for a number of reasons. These reasons are that create the stereotypes against those who have nothing in life. To judge people by what they do is normal. After all, what better way is there to judge a stranger by his words and his actions. The problem is when the homeless get judged wrongly, they are also treated unfairly. These stereotypes prevent the government and the society from giving the homeless the type of assistance that best suits to them. In order to clarify my thinking of homeless I have read three articles by different authors and they have different cases. These three articles discussed below and provide understanding on how the stereotypes of the homeless could be changed. The individualistic approach to poverty holds that success and failure depends on what a person do with his or her life. The homeless are victims of their own actions and behaviors. They have less in life because they waste their life away with drinking and loitering. The homeless are the type of people who are uneducated, mentally unstable, and do not have ambitions. According to Timmer, at el. (1994), a stereotype of the homeless that hardly takes behaviors that many people view as unproductive. It suggests that there is no one to blame for their life in the streets but themselves. That by not working as they should, they end up with nothing in the streets. People have full control of their life in the future, and the homeless have noShow MoreRelatedThe Stereotypes of Homeless People1574 Words   |  7 Pagesare exposed in their adolescents shapes their mentality affecting how they perceive situations and people. A lot of things become second nature such as to judging a book by it s cover. For instance, when seeing a homeless individual we entitle them to being alcoholics, drug users, dishonest etc. because of previous encounterments with similar individuals. As humans, we all make judgments of people just by their appearance. Not only that but we also judge them because of who they are associate withRead MoreHomelessness : Extreme Poverty And The Urban Housing Crisis913 Words   |  4 Pages2014 the National Alliance to End Homelessness collected that â€Å"578,424 people experiencing homelessness on any given night in the United States (â€Å"Snapshot of Homelessness). Most individuals believe that more individuals are single, but â€Å"216,197 are people in families,† and â€Å"362,163 are individuals,† (â€Å"Snapshot of Homelessness). Homelessness affects everyone, from families to individuals and veterans. In the veterans homeless population there is â€Å"currently over 2.2 million women Veterans in the UnitedRead MoreHomeless People And The United States1648 Words   |  7 Pagesany major U.S. city poses an all too familiar challenge: avoid the gaze of the scores of homeless people begging on the sidewalks. Whi le you might spare some change to a particularly disheveled looking woman, or a couple trying to buy food for their dog, it is customary to keep your head down in fear of interacting with one of the violent, homeless drunks that litter city streets. Conflict between homeless people and the housed population is not a new phenomena in the United States. With one of theRead MoreHomelessness : Homeless People Are Dirty, Uneducated, And Dangerous1584 Words   |  7 PagesMany people throughout the world look at homeless people negatively, and that is some thing they do not deserve. People automatically assume homeless people are dirty, uneducated, and dangerous, but this is not always true. Many homeless people are war veterans and need help to get their life back on track, but they are too scared and hated to seek it. The stereotypes associated with homeless people make many people shy away from helping them and that is one of the reasons why they are really sufferingRead MoreOutside Your World: Analysis of Diversity in Socio-Economic Status1702 Words   |  7 Pagesto pretend to be a homeless person and then go into a public restaurant to have a meal. I chose this project because diversity frequently focuses on immutable characteristics such as race and gender, but so much of diversity is focuses on socio-economic status. In American society, socio-economic status can be a huge predictor of the treatment that people receive, and, clearly, homelessness is an indicator of the lowest socio-economic status possible. In addition, many homeless Americans have underlyingRead MoreStereotypes Of Homeless Are Based On Their Gender And Education Level854 Words   |  4 PagesBased on my survey the stereotypes of homeless are based on their gender and education level. According to Oxford Dictionaries, homeless is a person without a home and therefore typically living on the streets (Oxford Dictionary). People that got surveyed around the mall are between the age range o f 17 to 69. Women tend to have more sympathy, while men are straight forward towards the topic of homeless. Among the ten females that were surveyed, their age range from 20 to 68. Race varies from CaucasianRead MoreI Volunteered At The Pine Street Inn Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesSitting on the concrete of the Dunkin Donuts’, an old man holds a cardboard sign covered in black permanent marker. The sign reads, â€Å"HOMELESS, TRYING TO GET BY. ANYTHING HELPS. THANK YOU GOD BLESS.† He shakes his penniless Styrofoam cup, and in a strained voice he repeats to the passersby, â€Å"Have any spare change?† They would stop in astonishment, indignation, or forlornness and continue on their business. â€Å"Get a job!† screams someone. Another person tells him, â€Å"May God be with you.† But no oneRead MoreThe Perception of the Homeless1206 Words   |  5 PagesThere are over 3.5 million homeless people in the United States alone (National Student Campaign against Hunger and Homelessness). Within this amount of people there are challenges beyond not having a h ome that the majority of citizens with a home do not face. These include: thinking about appearance, quality and source of food, living space, and source of money. Those mentioned are just a few things that non-homeless people may overlook when thinking about the challenges of homelessness. As a nationRead More Stereotypes about Homelessness in America in Dumpster Diving by Lars Eighner669 Words   |  3 PagesStereotypes about Homelessness in America in Dumpster Diving by Lars Eighner Lars Eighners short essay, Dumpster Diving, reveals the stereotypes about homelessness in America. In order to confirm these known stereotypes about American culture, Eighner includes autobiographical accounts of the economically inferior class, as well as revealing his elitist rules that governs the life of a homeless person. According to Eighner, homeless people fall into the following categories, can scroungersRead MoreEmpathy Is Defined As, â€Å"The Power Of Understanding And1533 Words   |  7 PagesWant You to Know About Being Homeless in America, she writes, â€Å"I think there is a prevalent assumption in our society that homelessness is caused by an individual’s inability to make the right choices in their life† (Jayda Shuavarnnasri). Those assumptions are causing a daze between what is true and what people think about the homeless. While most homeless people do not choose to be homeless, outsiders often prejudge them as alcoholics, drug abusers, and lazy pe ople in general. This is far from the

Managements For Organizational Excellence - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Management For Organizational Excellence. Answer: Introduction Brief of my organization, its operations, and my role Arab Bank is the first private sector financial institution in the Arab world, with headquarter based in Amman / Jordan. We rank amongst the largest international financial institutions by having an unmatched Global Arab branch network with 500 branches in more than 30 countries in 5 continents. Arab Bank covers four major areas, and those are: Personal Banking, Corporate / Investment Banking, Private Banking, and Treasury to serve all individuals, corporations, government agencies and other financial institutions. I have joined Arab Bank in September 16th, 2007 as a financial control associate. I am working now as a Middle Office Controller / Treasury Controller. My core job is to monitor, control, and report the activities that are executed by the staff in both the front and the back office (Treasury Operations). The focus is upon the preparation of accurate management information which will enable accurate measurement of performance and risk. Last year I got shifted from Financial Control Department to Risk Management Department. AC 1.1 Present situation and Analysis of the problem What is the problem and what may have caused it: The problem is that I got the appointment letter in my organization for a particular post and I am getting forced to take up the responsibilities of some other tasks in a repetitive manner. The problem has two areas to talk about; however both the areas are related to each other. I have chosen my job because its easier than picking any other organization and just imagining a problem. Scope This situation is pretty much concerning as in this way, the employees of the business organization will feel insecure as under the supervision of the authority I got assigned for 2 other jobs which were not mentioned in my job description and for that I can seek some legal help as this act is against the constitution. Impact The impact of this situation is tremendous as this is clearly a breach of contract and against the constitution. For this type of situations in the workplace, one can surely take legal help and issue a case in court. AC 2.1 Identification of problem 1 and possible solutions I will name the first problem as Job Description Farce. To be clearer, my job description is not what it really says when describing it above. I am doing three more jobs those are not suitable for me, neither matches my job description. I did speak about these issues to my HR manager Mr. Khan and the assistant manager Mr Qureshi. They said that as I am a new employee, I will be needing time to gain further experience and by taking up those tasks I will be able to learn things. What makes it worse is that I am not getting rewarded or appraised for the other three jobs. In fact, I am sitting in the wrong department. Currently I work in the Financial Control Department doing a finance job (Job 1) and my job description says that I am working for Risk Management Department which is true (Job2). In this scenario, I am not experiencing any kind of development in my career and I am not been able to learn anything and above all my satisfaction level is zero. These are the factors that are bo thering me. In this scenario, either I will have to talk to the governing body of the institution or I will have to seek legal help. AC 2.2 Summary of options I am one of the three Arab Bank Management Information System (MIS) team members (Job 3), this department is responsible for the information and generation of report for any department in all Arab Bank / Bahrain, despite having this section under Financial Control Department which contain two team members they do not do this job and this job is written in their job description (Neubertet al. 2015). As from my job title, my core job is to work as a Middle Office Controller / Treasury Controller (Job4) and this should be the job I am getting appraised for. Problem two Problem 2 is Be a climber and go top. A climber employee will step on anyone and everyone to move up the ladder, this employee spends a lot of time trying to carry favor mostly with the higher up positions and few with same grade positions; they are also called gossip employees, as their main focus is on the trash talks feels like a part of a group or to create what they see as camaraderie. So when one team members back is turned, this employee will try to bond with another person by speaking negatively about them, and when that second person back is turned the cycle continues (Marsick and Watkins 2015). I have talked about this issue to my colleagues and some of them are from my department and some others are from different departments. In this scenario, I can understand the situation in advance when they always will take all the credit they can, they would not think twice about lying or cheating to look good. They play the good guy game with everyone around. This climber individual always dedicates his energy to get ahead and he would not care how he will do it. He will do anything for a better job title, a bonus or a raise (Kaner 2014). The basic problem arises when a difficult task is allocated to them they will always complain in front of other team members, but while facing the boss they try to behave in a proper manner. They portray that they know the tasks in a better way and tries to be the first person in solving the problem of others (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). So I will name both problems asBias Chaos. Figure: decision making process Source: (Gamratet al. 2014 It scope (e.g. how widespread, how often, how much etc): This happens on daily basis with the same team member and they will get all the credit at the year-end appraisals by being the top performer (TP) along with other job titles as well as increments each and every year. Who, how and what it affects in the work place / team: As discussed above, no team member will show his/her grievance for this problem because this climber team member is acting camaraderie with all other team members. The good guy show is going on all over the year, and just exactly before the time of appraisal, they stand up in front of all other team members saying that they know the tasks in a better way than the rest of the team members. Surprisingly, team members take this issue lightly for the above reasons but I do not. As the biasness in the department is on the rise, I come to work and finish it off diligently before rushing back home instead of listening to these grapevine messages. I even was going to resign from my job because of this problem. If you perform so much and at the end of the year you do not get appreciated, you feel very down and there is no one to talk with or complain to(Kaner 2014). I think for an employee to work with full potential, motivation is an important factor and in workplace, reward and recognition helps in providing the same. What you are trying to achieve by solving the problem: To get every team member his/her right of fair appraisal without being biased to any particular team member especially climbers. What the result will be if no action has been taken: The increases in the number of employees who are trying to demotivate the honest employees have resulted in the fall of the performance in the organization. Unfortunately, the department will be very intolerable, which will result in very low productivity. As stated by Holmes and Stubbe (2015), any member of the team will do his/her best to leave this department as soon as possible. AC 3.1 Decision making technique I think that Nominal Group Technique can be used to solve these kinds of workplace related issues. In this way, the team has to divide into smaller groups in order to generate new ideas to solve the issues. Then the management takes the possible ideas and all the member of the teams has to discuss about those chosen ideas that they might accept (Yoder-Wise 2014). Finally the team members vote and the opinion gets most votes gets implemented to solve the issues (Carmeli 2014). This technique would surely serve the purpose as I think in this way equality would prevail and no one will be able to manipulate the decisions. Figure: decision making technique Source: Holmes and Stubbe(2015) Figure: Nominal group technique Source: (Carmeli 2014) Source: (Gamratet al. 2014) AC 4.1 Communication plan and implementation Employees Way of communication Decision Implementation Time taken Managers Email, Direct communication Transparency should prevail between the employees and employer Assess the choices of solution generated by the smaller groups 12th June to 13th August Team members Direct communication Equality should prevail in the team Generate innovative ideas to solve the issues 2nd October to 31st December Table: communication plan (Source: Goetsch and Davis 2014) Brief description of the possible solutions to the problem: Climbers see that they are normal persons, in some of the occasions they will even approach you for an advice saying why you dont do like me? Why you dont get along with the boss? Talk to him from time to time etc.. they think getting what you want or getting along with your boss is something normal. No use of grievance to others or higher authorities. Climbers might not be aware that they are misbehaving (Goetsch and Davis 2014). So I suggest having the situation pointed out to them in a manner that does not put them on the defensive, and might be a huge step to remedying the situation. There is nothing wrong with ambitions, but if you are working with a team member who is using dubious tactics to get to the top, I suggest one should fight in a proper manner. This doesnt mean using the same dubious tactic. Just make sure your own work is above and beyond what they are doing, and you shall be the one reaping career rewards in no time (Gamratet al. 2014). At the end you can choose yo ur friends but you cannot choose your colleagues at work. AC 4.2 Monitoring and review technique The managers of the business organization can use various tools for review and monitor the situations in the workplace like being observant, talking to the employees of the organization regarding the issues they are facing, distributing feedback sheets and by communicating in a one on one way (Gamrat et al.2014). These are the techniques using which the managers or the higher authority can notice the issues present in the workplace. These types of issues need to be solved with highest priority as these can effectively reduce the motivation level of the employees resulting in a decrease in the general productivity of the organization (Carmeli et al. 2014). How to monitor the situation To monitor the situation, I will have to gather feedbacks from my team members and the managers of the organization to track the improvement of the situation and apart from that I can arrange some meetings to get to the bottom of the issue. Conclusion Thus to conclude, it can be said that within a business organization there should be a transparency between the employers and the employees in order to sustain the motivation level and the loyalty of the employees of the organizations. Apart from that, I think the management should consider that the equality should prevail in the teams and the appraisal system should improvise the ways of judging the contribution of each members of the team in order to sustain the equality among all the members of the team. The assessment process should be fair and acceptable to everyone in order to maintain the satisfaction level of the employees to generate more productivity and profitability of the organization. References Carmeli, A., Sheaffer, Z., Binyamin, G., Reiter?Palmon, R. and Shimoni, T., 2014. Transformational leadership and creative problem?solving: The mediating role of psychological safety and reflexivity.The Journal of Creative Behavior,48(2), pp.115-135. Gamrat, C., Zimmerman, H.T., Dudek, J. and Peck, K., 2014. Personalized workplace learning: An exploratory study on digital badging within a teacher professional development program.British Journal of Educational Technology,45(6), pp.1136-1148. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Holmes, J. and Stubbe, M., 2015.Power and politeness in the workplace: A sociolinguistic analysis of talk at work. Routledge. Kaner, S., 2014.Facilitator's guide to participatory decision-making.John Wiley Sons. Marsick, V.J. and Watkins, K., 2015.Informal and Incidental Learning in the Workplace (Routledge Revivals).Routledge. Neubert, J.C., Mainert, J., Kretzschmar, A. and Greiff, S., 2015. The assessment of 21st century skills in industrial and organizational psychology: Complex and collaborative problem solving.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,8(2), pp.238-268. Rios, M.C., McConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L., 2013.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Van Knippenberg, D., Dahlander, L., Haas, M.R. and George, G., 2015. Information, attention, and decision making.Academy of Management Journal,58(3), pp.649-657. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Paper Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: †¢ Race †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Religion †¢ Gender †¢ Sexual orientation †¢ Age †¢ Disability Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Religion |Fanatical Christians |Islam extremists |All mormons are poligamists | |Gender |Men should never cry |Women can be in power because of |Pink is for girls | | | |their periods | | |Age |As you get older you cannot learn |Older people are not as sharp as |Old people are not interested in | | |new things |younger people |sex | Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? Some stereotypes have been found to have a positive view of certain groups by other minority groups, Asian Americans are admired for â€Å"placing a high value on intellectual and professional achievement† and â€Å"having strong family ties†, Hispanic Americans â€Å"take deep pride in their culture and work hard to achieve a better life† (R. Schaefer, 2012), African Americans â€Å"have made a valuable contribution to American Society and will work hard when given a chance† (National Conference of Christians and Jews 1994). We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another positive aspect of stereotyping (and I had to dig to find it) is that middle-class or afflcuent African Americans’ feelings of self esteem and self-image are more positive than those of comparable Whites. Our text does not tell us why just that it has been measured and exists and that one positive aspect. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? Stereotyping has caused people to view certain groups of people in a negative light, even though people do not express such views openly, prejudice and stereotyping still exists. In an article written by Tim Giago, â€Å"National Media Should Stop Using Obscene Words†, Tim describes how the term â€Å"Redskins† is so readily used in football and how derogatory it is to hear for Native Americans. He likens the use of this term to such terms as â€Å"nigger†, â€Å"gook†, â€Å"kike†, and â€Å"wop†, and expresses how â€Å"ridiculous† it is to hear the fans doing the â€Å"tomahawk chop†. This is modern day stereotyping in a negative way and it should be stopped. Why do large corporations have the right to offend and stereotype? This should be stopped. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. According to Racial and Ethnic Groups, by R. Schaefer, stereotypes are unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority. The difference between prejudices and stereotypes is that prejudice is learned over time by people who influence a person as they are growing up and books, movies, Internet and tv also play a part in a person becoming prejudice. Stereotypes are beliefs about people which are generally accepted that are based on something previously accepted about them. Examplese of some stereotypes are: all women are bitches, or all Arabs are terrorists. Examples of prejudices are: being afraid if you are on the bus and see a mentally ill person get on the bus because you are afraid that they may become violient. Statistic show that mentally ill people are no more or less prone to violence than normal people, please see this link about mental illness and violence: http://depts. washington. edu/mhreport/facts_violence. php What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? Stereotyping and prejudice are not the same but can seem similar in a way, however the difference is important. There can be a stereotype about girls only like pink and boys only like to play with guns but a prejudice is when you are racist or have a â€Å"negative attitude toward an entire category of people† (R. Schaefer, 2012). What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Diversity training and awareness is a way to prevent prejudice from occurring in the workplace. Education about diversity is a way to prevent it at schools. Much studying has been done about the prevention of prejudice but unfortunately if the training and/or education is not followed up with practice and further education and training it can lead to people going back to their old habits. This means that we must be diligent about fighing prejudice in our society, in our homes, at work, and in our schools. www. wikipedia. org Religious fanaticism http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Religious_fanaticism Main Street Plaza www. latterdaymainstreet. com A Community for Anyone Interested in Mormonism. Religious Stereotypes Venn Diagram According To Google: Expanded Mormon Edition www. eligious-stereotypes-venn-diagram-according-to-google-expanded-mormon-edition Cracked. com 5 Gender Stereotypes That Used To Be the Exact Opposite By: J. F. Sargent April 24, 2012 http://www. cracked. com/article_19780_5-gender-stereotypes-that-used-to-be-exact-opposite. html#ixzz2KNtJBSML www. discoveryfith ealth. com 10 Stereotypes About Aging (That Just Arent True) by Tom Scheve and Christine Venzon http://health. howstuffworks. com/wellness/aging/aging-process/5-stereotypes-about-aging6. htm Racial and Ethnic Groups, Thirteenth edition, by Richard T. Schaefer. Published by Merrill Prentice Hall. Copyright  © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: †¢ Race †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Religion †¢ Gender †¢ Sexual orientation †¢ Age †¢ Disability Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Religion |Fanatical Christians |Islam extremists |All mormons are poligamists | |Gender |Men should never cry |Women can be in power because of |Pink is for girls | | | |their periods | | |Age |As you get older you cannot learn |Older people are not as sharp as |Old people are not interested in | | |new things |younger people |sex | Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? Some stereotypes have been found to have a positive view of certain groups by other minority groups, Asian Americans are admired for â€Å"placing a high value on intellectual and professional achievement† and â€Å"having strong family ties†, Hispanic Americans â€Å"take deep pride in their culture and work hard to achieve a better life† (R. Schaefer, 2012), African Americans â€Å"have made a valuable contribution to American Society and will work hard when given a chance† (National Conference of Christians and Jews 1994). We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another positive aspect of stereotyping (and I had to dig to find it) is that middle-class or afflcuent African Americans’ feelings of self esteem and self-image are more positive than those of comparable Whites. Our text does not tell us why just that it has been measured and exists and that one positive aspect. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? Stereotyping has caused people to view certain groups of people in a negative light, even though people do not express such views openly, prejudice and stereotyping still exists. In an article written by Tim Giago, â€Å"National Media Should Stop Using Obscene Words†, Tim describes how the term â€Å"Redskins† is so readily used in football and how derogatory it is to hear for Native Americans. He likens the use of this term to such terms as â€Å"nigger†, â€Å"gook†, â€Å"kike†, and â€Å"wop†, and expresses how â€Å"ridiculous† it is to hear the fans doing the â€Å"tomahawk chop†. This is modern day stereotyping in a negative way and it should be stopped. Why do large corporations have the right to offend and stereotype? This should be stopped. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. According to Racial and Ethnic Groups, by R. Schaefer, stereotypes are unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority. The difference between prejudices and stereotypes is that prejudice is learned over time by people who influence a person as they are growing up and books, movies, Internet and tv also play a part in a person becoming prejudice. Stereotypes are beliefs about people which are generally accepted that are based on something previously accepted about them. Examplese of some stereotypes are: all women are bitches, or all Arabs are terrorists. Examples of prejudices are: being afraid if you are on the bus and see a mentally ill person get on the bus because you are afraid that they may become violient. Statistic show that mentally ill people are no more or less prone to violence than normal people, please see this link about mental illness and violence: http://depts. washington. edu/mhreport/facts_violence. php What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? Stereotyping and prejudice are not the same but can seem similar in a way, however the difference is important. There can be a stereotype about girls only like pink and boys only like to play with guns but a prejudice is when you are racist or have a â€Å"negative attitude toward an entire category of people† (R. Schaefer, 2012). What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Diversity training and awareness is a way to prevent prejudice from occurring in the workplace. Education about diversity is a way to prevent it at schools. Much studying has been done about the prevention of prejudice but unfortunately if the training and/or education is not followed up with practice and further education and training it can lead to people going back to their old habits. This means that we must be diligent about fighing prejudice in our society, in our homes, at work, and in our schools. www. wikipedia. org Religious fanaticism http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Religious_fanaticism Main Street Plaza www. latterdaymainstreet. com A Community for Anyone Interested in Mormonism. Religious Stereotypes Venn Diagram According To Google: Expanded Mormon Edition www. eligious-stereotypes-venn-diagram-according-to-google-expanded-mormon-edition Cracked. com 5 Gender Stereotypes That Used To Be the Exact Opposite By: J. F. Sargent April 24, 2012 http://www. cracked. com/article_19780_5-gender-stereotypes-that-used-to-be-exact-opposite. html#ixzz2KNtJBSML www. discoveryfith ealth. com 10 Stereotypes About Aging (That Just Arent True) by Tom Scheve and Christine Venzon http://health. howstuffworks. com/wellness/aging/aging-process/5-stereotypes-about-aging6. htm Racial and Ethnic Groups, Thirteenth edition, by Richard T. Schaefer. Published by Merrill Prentice Hall. Copyright  © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Paper Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: †¢ Race †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Religion †¢ Gender †¢ Sexual orientation †¢ Age †¢ Disability Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Religion |Fanatical Christians |Islam extremists |All mormons are poligamists | |Gender |Men should never cry |Women can be in power because of |Pink is for girls | | | |their periods | | |Age |As you get older you cannot learn |Older people are not as sharp as |Old people are not interested in | | |new things |younger people |sex | Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? Some stereotypes have been found to have a positive view of certain groups by other minority groups, Asian Americans are admired for â€Å"placing a high value on intellectual and professional achievement† and â€Å"having strong family ties†, Hispanic Americans â€Å"take deep pride in their culture and work hard to achieve a better life† (R. Schaefer, 2012), African Americans â€Å"have made a valuable contribution to American Society and will work hard when given a chance† (National Conference of Christians and Jews 1994). We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another positive aspect of stereotyping (and I had to dig to find it) is that middle-class or afflcuent African Americans’ feelings of self esteem and self-image are more positive than those of comparable Whites. Our text does not tell us why just that it has been measured and exists and that one positive aspect. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? Stereotyping has caused people to view certain groups of people in a negative light, even though people do not express such views openly, prejudice and stereotyping still exists. In an article written by Tim Giago, â€Å"National Media Should Stop Using Obscene Words†, Tim describes how the term â€Å"Redskins† is so readily used in football and how derogatory it is to hear for Native Americans. He likens the use of this term to such terms as â€Å"nigger†, â€Å"gook†, â€Å"kike†, and â€Å"wop†, and expresses how â€Å"ridiculous† it is to hear the fans doing the â€Å"tomahawk chop†. This is modern day stereotyping in a negative way and it should be stopped. Why do large corporations have the right to offend and stereotype? This should be stopped. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. According to Racial and Ethnic Groups, by R. Schaefer, stereotypes are unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority. The difference between prejudices and stereotypes is that prejudice is learned over time by people who influence a person as they are growing up and books, movies, Internet and tv also play a part in a person becoming prejudice. Stereotypes are beliefs about people which are generally accepted that are based on something previously accepted about them. Examplese of some stereotypes are: all women are bitches, or all Arabs are terrorists. Examples of prejudices are: being afraid if you are on the bus and see a mentally ill person get on the bus because you are afraid that they may become violient. Statistic show that mentally ill people are no more or less prone to violence than normal people, please see this link about mental illness and violence: http://depts. washington. edu/mhreport/facts_violence. php What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? Stereotyping and prejudice are not the same but can seem similar in a way, however the difference is important. There can be a stereotype about girls only like pink and boys only like to play with guns but a prejudice is when you are racist or have a â€Å"negative attitude toward an entire category of people† (R. Schaefer, 2012). What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Diversity training and awareness is a way to prevent prejudice from occurring in the workplace. Education about diversity is a way to prevent it at schools. Much studying has been done about the prevention of prejudice but unfortunately if the training and/or education is not followed up with practice and further education and training it can lead to people going back to their old habits. This means that we must be diligent about fighing prejudice in our society, in our homes, at work, and in our schools. www. wikipedia. org Religious fanaticism http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Religious_fanaticism Main Street Plaza www. latterdaymainstreet. com A Community for Anyone Interested in Mormonism. Religious Stereotypes Venn Diagram According To Google: Expanded Mormon Edition www. eligious-stereotypes-venn-diagram-according-to-google-expanded-mormon-edition Cracked. com 5 Gender Stereotypes That Used To Be the Exact Opposite By: J. F. Sargent April 24, 2012 http://www. cracked. com/article_19780_5-gender-stereotypes-that-used-to-be-exact-opposite. html#ixzz2KNtJBSML www. discoveryfith ealth. com 10 Stereotypes About Aging (That Just Arent True) by Tom Scheve and Christine Venzon http://health. howstuffworks. com/wellness/aging/aging-process/5-stereotypes-about-aging6. htm Racial and Ethnic Groups, Thirteenth edition, by Richard T. Schaefer. Published by Merrill Prentice Hall. Copyright  © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Diogenes and Alexander

Introduction Contentment comes with success whereby one feels happy with their current situation in life. Success has been defined as doing what one really wants to do, and in the story of Diogenes and Alexander, Highet compares two personalities who meet under peculiar circumstances. Diogenes was a Greek philosopher while Alexander the great was the lordly ruler of the Greek empire.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Diogenes and Alexander specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Choice of Lifestyle Diogenes lived a simple of a beggar. He had little regard of the basic needs of human beings, choosing to cloth himself with a single blanket, since God had not provided a way for humans to protect themselves from the cold, like he had for the animals (Highet 8). Diogenes assumed the lifestyle of animals, especially the dog, arguing that there was no need for extravagance. He had no furniture and slept in a cask that he moved e verywhere with, and placed it where he wanted to sleep. He survived on borrowed food from the people. Many people had lived the way he did, mainly the refugees, but he did so by choice, since his teachings emphasized that people should live a natural life, he chose to teach the people by example. According to Highet, Diogenes lived a contented life, since he could adopt and practise his teachings, without worrying about a family or work. Alexander on the other hand had little choice of his upbringing, as he was the son of King Philip. He had been taught by the greatest mind in Greece at that time, Aristotle. He was knowledgeable in many fields including poetry, philosophy, scientific research and military, being termed a magnificent commander (Highet 9). Alexander too, lived a contented life, at least according to the time of the story, at age twenty. He was skilled in many fields and was a great military commander. He was also honourable, as could be seen in his self control, with both women and alcohol. His choice of lifestyle, which involved battles, was an indication of his selflessness. Mission in life While Diogenes admired Hercules for his might and concern for other people, Alexander admired Archiles, who defeated the Asian armies. The two people are similar in that they fought for what they thought was right, in their own way. Diogenes lived a life similar to that of dog, trying to influence people that they could live a natural and happy life. While on the rich streets of Greece, he taught people his doctrines, and those who cared to listen followed him. To expound on his doctrine, Diogenes wrote plays, poems and essays (Highet 8).Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He emphasized a natural life, saying that it was normal and could not be evil or shameful. His teaching emphasized that a free life had no conventions, complexities and extravagances. He taught people that riches brought worries, since people spent more time and energy protecting what they had. He tirelessly taught his doctrines to those who chose to listen, in an effort to open the eyes of the people. He was contented with his mission work, since he chose to continue instead of living a hidden life, away from the ignorant people, like others before him who had given up and isolated themselves from the people (Highet 8). His followers were also a motivation factor to him, since they appreciated his doctrines, and Alexander acknowledged this when he took one of them as a philosophical interpreter. Alexander also laboured to help mankind, choosing to be at the forefront of battles, while he could easily sit back and let others fight. Alexander had many responsibilities bestowed upon him, and through his education and training, he acquired enough knowledge to handle himself, and take care of his people. Alexander was contented with his life, since only a truly free ma n could identify another free person, as seen when he indicated that if he were not himself, he would be like Diogenes. The more contented life While both Diogenes and Alexander lived free lives, Alexander must have been more content than Diogenes. Both people lived as they chose to, keeping to their beliefs, though Diogenes had a difficult time getting his doctrines across, since he was at times chased with stones (Highet 8). Though he was able to get a few pupils, he had to persevere, and at his level of a beggar, he still influenced people. Alexander on the other hand was readily accepted by the people, and he had an easier time influencing them. His life was more contented since he had more power to conquer, and the masses trusted him due to his status. He brought more change, based on his authority and position, as an icon and ruler for the people, having greater responsibilities and expectations from the people, he was able to achieve. Works Cited Highet, Gilbert. â€Å"Dioge nes and Alexander.† American Heritage Magazine 1963. This essay on Diogenes and Alexander was written and submitted by user Victor Good to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

FINAL PROJECT Essays - Educational Psychology, Educators, Teaching

FINAL PROJECT Essays - Educational Psychology, Educators, Teaching FINAL PROJECT Crystal Burgess July 29, 2011 HRDV 5610 Describe the problem I currently work for a child development center in Knoxville, Tennessee. The center serves ages six weeks to five years. The center is a three-star program (Star Quality) and licensed by the State of Tennessee. The preschool follows the Creative Curriculum and also provides enrichment classes such as music, dance and gymnastics. Star-Quality recognizes child care providers who meet a higher standard of quality. Once qualified for this program, a provider can receive one, two, or three stars to place on its license and display in its center or home. Each star shows that the provider meets increasingly higher standards. In other words, the more stars a program has, the better the quality of care it offers to children. One factor is the Program Assessment. Highly trained assessors go to the child care facility and observe it. During the observation, one or more Assessors will look at the centers indoor and outdoor spaces, activities, materials and the interactions among children and between children and adults. They will observe these things for each classroom being assessed. Assessors will keep a low profile and try to remain unnoticeable while in the classroom. They do this so the adults and children can interact naturally. Before the Star evaluation, during, and awaiting the results can be very stressful. Starting the job, you are placed in a class to train under a seasoned teacher. This teacher trains the new employee and demonstrates why the center is a three-star center and uses shows the employee how to correct serve the students at the optimal level of child care. Many of the teachers, however, use shortcuts to the proper technique and cause the new employees to be uncertain of what is the best standard based on the Star Quality. The problem I will be exploring in this paper is how to proper train new employees on the excellent care for the center at the three-star level. Analyze needs To determine the strengths and weaknesses of the new employee, a task analysis would have to be conducted. The new teachers must have specific levels of knowledge, skill, and ability to demonstrate during the STARS evaluations. An observation of the employee's teaching could help identify the areas of need. The observation would be a mock trial of STARS evaluation. The assessor would look to be sure each teacher masters the objectives set. A person analysis would also need to ensure the employees and potential employees have the readiness for training. It would be used to determine if they have the personal characteristics (ability, attitudes, beliefs, and motivation) required to learn the complex STARS program content and apply it on the job and to ensure that the classroom will facilitate learning and safety. In addition to the task and person analysis, an organizational analysis should be given. Because the child care facility strives for three-stars, we need to identify whether the training in place supports the company's strategic direction and follows the STAR program requirement. We also need to determine whether the managers and employees support training activities and what training resources are available. The director of the center must develop and present training aligned with the mission, vision and goals of the STARS program. This is crucial for the ultimate success of the training as the managers are directed to make it a priority to support and incorporate the training results into their areas of the child development center. Human Resources must have a through understanding of the type of training and identify who needs it before task analysis can begin. Current knowledge and skill levels must be determined first. This also an important step to determine job description requirements for future staffing needs. Learning Objectives/Training Method The main learning objective is to successfully train new employees about the protection of health and safety. Another objective is to build relationships with children, parents, extended family, and community and to provide students opportunities for stimulation and learning from experience. If all objectives are mastered, the child care center will be about to reach the maximum level of stars. To train the new employees, I would first inform the training teachers how important proper training would be for the new employees as well as the for the center's accreditation. The training teachers should demonstrate all learning objectives. Each trainer might have a different way of doing things. Their practices can be seen in the kinds of activities children do, in the way that children and adults talk to each other, in the kinds

Inflation, Disinflation and Deflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Inflation, Disinflation and Deflation - Essay Example It is usually seen when the prices of products within the economy deep from their current levels to much lower levels over time. Disinflation occurs within the economy only for a short time, and it takes place especially when an economy is undergoing a recession. Deflation is the decrease which takes place in the cost of products, when the rate of inflation goes below zero percent. Its greatest effect is that, over time, it increases the value of the currency being used within the economy. This ensures that one is able to buy more products with the same amount of money which they had when inflation was taking place. These three aspects of the economy are extremely powerful in determining how it is working, whether it is doing well or not. Furthermore, the central banks use the measurements of these aspects in order to determine what their fiscal policies are going to be. Inflation can be termed as the gradual rise, over a certain period, of the cost of products in a financial system (Hartwig 23). In addition, when inflation takes place, it is always found that the value of the currency used in a particular economy also decreases. This is because the money available in the economy is able to purchase a limited number of products when compared to the previous period. All the countries in the world whose economies are connected to money have a way of finding out the inflation rate of their currency. Every year, the percentage of inflation is calculated and the result is often used in the planning of the budget for the forthcoming year. Inflation has a massive effect on how the economy works, and this effect is sometimes positive, or negative, depending on the situation. One of the negative effects of inflation is that it becomes extremely risky to hold onto large sums of the currency, which is undergoing inflation, because one does not

Claude Monet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Claude Monet - Essay Example He was also a student of Jacque-Louis David. Then became a mentee of Eugene Boudin who taught him on the outdoor technique of painting. He left school after being his mother dying in the year 1857. Later on he left France and went England where he painted more than 25 building and he was suspected of revolutionary activities. At 32 Monet and Camille Doncieux married. They had two sons, second one died of tuberculosis where he painted him on the death bed (Kalitina & Brodskaiï ¸  , 2011, 102-120) On later life and death, Monet had difficulty life after death of his wife. The grief gave him the impetus to make the best of his painting. Most of the painting were considered the best for campaign in France. The prospects of Monet starting changing when he met Paul Durand, dealer, who made his paint sale. His painting such as Rouen Cathedral got popularity. Life changed and he started making better incomes. In the year 1926, Monet succumbed to lung cancer. Only 50 people attended the burial at cemetery of Givenery church. Burt, D. S. (2001). The biography book: a readers guide to nonfiction, fictional, and film biographies of more than 500 of the most fascinating individuals of all time. Westport, CT, Oryx Press. (pg

Neoclassical era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Neoclassical era - Essay Example The other representative characteristic of the visual art of the period was the sculpture forms. An example of neoclassical architecture is the ‘national gallery of art’ in Washington DC and the ‘Lincoln memorial’ buildings. These buildings are considered representative of the neoclassical era because of their emphasis on walls and maintenance of separate identities to each of their parts (Bietoletti 82). The buildings appear to have been inspired by classical architecture from ancient Greece or Rome, and further get characterized by their tall columns that rise to the building’s full height and domed roofs. Examples of neoclassical music include ‘the soldier’s tale’ and ‘the firebird’ both composed by Igor Stravinsky, a famous neoclassical composer and musician. His music is representative of the era because it aimed at reviving earlier music forms such as those during the romantic and baroque period. The music avoided the complex forms and exaggerated gestures of the music witnessed during the late romantic period. The music focused on reintroducing a tonal center and a melodic element to bring out a clear form. The neoclassical era coincided with the age of enlightment. Artists during the period looked to draw inspiration from looking back at the art forms of classical times by emphasizing more on the classical ideals of rational control and order (Bietoletti 42). The attention paid to the past art forms ensured that these artists undertook a conservative approach in their

Speed Cameras

Speed Cameras Speed Cameras Is it another con? Or is it another excuse? Or just another reason to exploit the most law abiding majority of drivers amongst us, where it was reported at the time, that we were already one of the safest countries, in the world, to drive in. This great governments novel idea to introduce a speed camera; ‘a roadside speed camera designed to catch speeding vehicles by taking video footage or a photograph Wordpower Dictionary; Was it another illustrious plan to gain public trust? What trust? Apply greater pressure on to our police to enforce this ridiculous money making scheme, and basically thats all it is, its a way of squeezing more money out of the innocent motorist, when they should be out there catching real criminals; like our corrupt politicians as a classic example. The Independent has indicated the countrys biggest force; The Metropolitan Police has refused to put up more speed cameras, despite government support to do so. It argues that the increase of cameras would fuel public bitterness towards the police, in what could be seen as a getting even more money out of the motorist. Speed cameras are to be seen as nice little earners. In Northamptonshire, the cash for cameras scheme where the local police allowed allowed to keep the money from speeding fines; brought about a major increase in convictions. In Essex alone, a single camera on the M11 raised just short of a million in a single week. Chief constables were undecided as to how the cameras should be displayed, a highly ranking officer of Norfolk police, wanted them to be bright and visible. That avoided the perception that they are cunningly hidden away to increase police profits. However, it also had a flaw, because serial offenders will simply brake as they approached the camera, and then speed up once past detection. Richard Alleyne of the Guardian reported in the last year alone, the number of speeding tickets has exceeded 1.5m for the first time, twice the number issued back in 1997 when New Labour first came to power. They accumulated  £88m from motorists in one year alone and have since raked in  £1 billion over the past decade. Average speed cameras have proved effective at persuading people to keep within the limits though. Nearly 100 cameras were installed at road works mostly on motorways and accident black spots, and according to data collected from five active camera sites, 99.4 per cent of drivers obey the speed limits. The numbers of motorists killed and seriously injured after the cameras had been installed has fallen considerably. There are new cameras now and how they work are; they link wirelessly to each other, are capable of tracking vehicles for up to 15 miles whichever route they decide take over a vast area. The cameras, which are named ‘Specs3 are to be fitted at entry and exit points in built-up areas and on our busy roads. They are capable of reading number plates which record the time as each car passes. Critics point out that even these new cameras will not deter motorists from indulging in short bursts of speed, because they will still average less than 20mph either when they stop at junctions, traffic lights or stuck in traffic. On main roads, the average speed cameras issue fewer tickets than conventional Gatso cameras, which measure speed over only a few yards, according to the manufacturers. Richard Alleyne also states that a representative for the Home Office confirmed that these new first average speed cameras are to be placed in 20mph zones and that they have also passed laboratory tests for effectiveness, but they have yet to be officially given the green light, which could be as early as 2010. The new time over distance devices are also seen as a way of dealing with the problem of motorists braking when they see a camera then accelerating once past it. They have already been used on our motorways where despite catching far fewer speeders than traditional speed cameras, they have dramatically reduced casualties. These new cameras would be far more expensive, compared to the ‘Gatso which are getting pushed out at  £50k a device, in an area of London is one of the most profitable cameras which is located at the bottom of M11 motorway near Woodford, Essex which is alleged in raking in over  £840k a week, creating extra revenue for the government, the one good thing that it has in its favour is that it has created more jobs as the demand for cameras have increase year-on year since the turn of the millennium. Speed Cameras are a really splendid idea when are strategically placed in build up areas; around our schools and are placed within our hospitals areas, they are an ubiquitous sight on our motorways and our ‘B roads, where the majority of cameras are not needed, they are situated there because they are ‘areas that encourage us to speed if you dont keep up with the traffic; it is also deemed a criminal offense. How easy is it to creep over the speed limit accidentally? Research from the Think Campaign indicates that a cut in speed to 20mph has a dramatic impact in making areas friendlier to cyclists and pedestrians. One in 40 pedestrians struck by a car at 20mph dies, compared with one in five at 30mph. Traffic managers throughout the country see them as a way of restoring calm to Britains neighbourhoods without resorting to intrusive calming devices such as those ridiculous road humps and chicanes; which cause unnecessary damage to vehicles no matter what speed you go over them, even the slightest bump knocks out the tracking and the wheel balance; which can cost a small fortune on realignment and tyres. A huge decline in the number of road deaths was achieved between the years of 1983 and 1993, and they have been largely associated when they introduced front seatbelt wearing law mandatory back in 1983, along with making better-designed cars and having major reductions in drink driving fatalities. Factors likely to be responsible for the slowing rate of reduction between 1993 and 2003 include continued increases in traffic (up from 583 billion passenger kilometres 1993 to 634 billion passenger kilometres in 2002(2); sharp increases in motorcycle casualties (up from 427 in 1993(3) to 609 in 2002(4); a levelling-off of drink drive fatality numbers (up from 520 in 1993 to 560 in 2002(5); a decline in seatbelt-wearing and the increased use of mobile phones while driving. Another point in the decrease of deaths and accidents not attributed by speed was the introduction of the hazard and perception test back in 2003 (6) (Think) along with the theory questions prior to gaining your licence, making people more aware out on the roads. 1. (2001). Readers Digest Word Power Dictionary. London: Readers Digest. 942. 2. DfT. 2003b. Transport statistics for Great Britain 2002. DfT: London. 3. DoT. 1994. Road Accidents Great Britain 1993. HMSO: London. 4. National Statistics /DfT. 2003. Road Casualties Great Britain 2002: Annual Report. TSO: London. 5. Ibid. 6. dft.gov.uk/think Another interesting factor that contributed to these figures was the inexperience of drivers in the 17-25 year old bracket; showing no respect to our authorities and the people around them; thinking that the world owes them something; driving like lunatics to impress their friends and the opposite sex that are travelling with them in the car, break neck speeds which would even have the grim reaper laughing on their shoulders, crashing and causing deaths, resulting in mayhem on our roads and creating distress for the families of the victims. I know this because I used to be one of them, fortunately for me I grew out of this wild, childlike behaviour before I got caught, even worse killed. Many outsiders that are flooding this nation; bringing their bad driving habits with them, unleashing their inexperience on to our roads. A sound solution to this would be to increase the age limit to apply for your provisional to 21, (which I believe is under review); where we can only hope that they are all that little bit more mature and realise how dangerous a vehicle can be. To do this would mean that the government would miss the extra revenue that is collected in taxes from the extortionate prices the insurance companies charge these youngsters. Conclusion Speed cameras, are similar to speed limits, they play a useful role. The United Kingdom has fewer deaths on the road than most other countries in the world its because of tightly monitored limits. Especially at accident black spots, speed cameras can significantly reduce the number of road deaths. An argument can be raised for increasing the 70mph speed limit (and then strictly police the higher limit). In built-up areas, however, limits could be lower than they are now. Finally, we must remember that the importance of speed limits and cameras alike are to save peoples lives, and are not to be abused as a government made up tax. Speed limits exist to encourage people to drive sensibly; speed cameras exist in order to remind drivers that they cannot break those limit. Success, however, is not when the police funds are significantly increased because so many people drive dangerously over the speed limit, but a speed-camera job is if more drivers can (at last) persuade to drive at safer speeds. Bibliography DoT. 1994. Road Accidents Great Britain 1993. HMSO: London. (2001). Readers Digest Word Power Dictionary. London: Readers Digest. 942. (2001). Speed cameras are for saving lives, not raising cash. Available: http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/leading-articles/speed-cameras-are-for-saving-lives- not-raising-cash-664735.html. Last accessed 14 December 2009. DfT. 2003b. Transport statistics for Great Britain 2002. DfT: London. (2003). The slower speeds Inititive. Available: http://www.slower-speeds.org.uk/files/10myths031220.pdf. Last accessed 14 December 2009. National Statistics /DfT. 2003. Road Casualties Great Britain 2002: Annual Report. TSO: London. Ibid. Richard Alleyne. (2009). Average speed cameras installed in neighbourhoods for the first time. Available: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/6743003/Average-speed-cameras-installed-in-neighbourhoods-for-the-first-time.html. Last accessed 10 December 2009. (2009). Speed Urban. Available: http://www.dft.gov.uk/think/focusareas/driving/speedurban?page=FAQwhoareyou_id=. Last accessed 14 December 2009 Paul Maloy Argumentative Essay 1st draft

afrofornication, The New Black Culture Of Indiscriminate S :: essays research papers

Does anyone notice, when you see the way most young Negro males behave these days it seems like they are constantly thinking about fornication, almost obsessed by it? I have noticed this. When one attempts to converse with one of these people the conversation will rarely end without some reference to sex or sexual behavior, whether it be minor references such as 'mah dick' or 'yo mama', or more direct references 'i be da pimpsta', 'i be yo daddy', 'gettin jiggy down dere'. I have been wondering for some time why fornication is such an essential part of the thoughts and culture of many of these people. To give us a better understanding of the reasons for this behavior we must look at the social strategy of the Negro. There have been many studies performed to try to explain the disproportionately high birth rate among Negroes and in fact the clearest and most observant of these was by Rushton (1996) [1], who found two distinct socio-reproductive patterns, he called them the 'R-Strategy' and the 'K-Strategy'. The 'R-Strategy' is the typical Negro reproductive pattern which he observed both in Africa and around the world. This pattern has the characteristics of a high birth rate, but also puting very little effort into parental care and nurturing. Often, the parents will not stay long as a couple, one father may in fact have several wives or women which he fornicates with on a regular basis. Also the gestation period is slightly shorter, children reach physical maturity earlier and begin having sex at an earlier age. 'R-Strategy' societies are usually less stable, with children being born into no definite family structure. In effect it is really a strategy of having as many children as they can, as quickly as possible. The 'K-Strategy' is exactly the opposite of this. It is mostly observed in White and some Mongoloid cultures and involves having less children but investing great effort in their nurturing and development. There is a slightly longer gestation period, and children mature more slowly but that slower maturation helps develop a higher intelligence. Society tends to be more stable, with parents staying together as a couple and building a family. This is a strategy which places more emphasis on learning and thinking than just all-out breeding, placing quality over quantity. We also have to look at how these breeding strategies evolved. In Africa, say, a thousand years ago, with all the tribal wars and cannabalism going on, what do you think was the key to survival as a community?

What Care Services Are Available to People with Long-Term Health?

What care services are available to people with long-term health conditions and why is it important that these services should take into account individuals sensitivities and circumstances? â€Å"According to Talcott Parsons being sick is a role (a deviant one) which is a temporary role that all people (regardless of their status or position) enter at some stage of their life. Its main function is to control illness, and to reduce its disruptive effects on the social system by ensuring that sick people are returned to health as speedily as possible† (Parsons 1951).However if you are seen as enjoying playing the sick role, people might label you as a malingerer. â€Å"A malingerer is someone who shirks their duties by pretending to be ill† (Block 1 who cares, p-67), this also has its problems as you start to feel isolated, depressed and loss of self-esteem from hiding daily activities from people. Therefore, before you even contemplate on seeing a doctor you will have al ready taken on the sick role. The NHS is split into two, Primary and Secondary health services they both look after people who suffer from long-term illnesses i. . diabetes, asthma and coronary heart disease. It is estimated that there are around 15 million people in England that have a long-term illness (DH 2006). ‘Your local doctors’ surgery or GP practice provides a wide range of family health services’ (NHS Choices, 2007). I myself will often refer to a study of a man named Anwar Malik that I have been studying, who himself has used most of the health services. Anwar Malik is a 54 year old green grocer and lives with his wife Hansa and their youngest son Iqbal.Anwar originally was born in Pakistan and came to live in the UK when he was a young man. Anwar’s first language is Punjabi and Urdu, but can speak English as Hansar and Anwar speak it in their shop. Anwar had been feeling unwell for a while, lethargic, tired and generally thirsty. Anwar’s wife noticed that he had become less active and frequenting the toilet more often. Hansa his wife became concerned for her husband’s health and advised him to visit his doctor. Anwar’s G. P referred him to hospital for further tests where it was discovered he in fact was diagnosed with diabetes.Primary care services are normally the first point of contact if you have a health related issue, an appointment with your GP (general practitioner), dentist, nurse or optometrist. It is estimated that around 90% use this service and most can be accessed in the doctor’s surgery, although Anwar could have gone to his local walk in center or even telephoned NHS direct. If your illness requires further tests your G. P will refer you to a secondary health care provider, this is what happened to Anwar Malik. Secondary care is defined as a service provided by medical specialists who generally do not have first contact with patients.Secondary care is usually delivered in hospit als and patients have usually been referred to secondary care by their primary care provider (usually their GP) (Dr Foster 2001). What can people expect to find in a hospital setting? Consultants, nurses, health care assistants and domestics are just a few to name. There are different departments that split the hospital, intensive care; different medical wards i. e. Neurology, surgical, and also not forgetting the Accident and Emergency department. Communication between primary and secondary care breaks down quite easily, especially if you are receiving long term care.If you are being seen as an outpatient for long periods, the GP will need to be informed of their treatment and progress, as this could have an impact on the GP’s own treatment for the patient. Social care supports people for whatever reason that is unable to function without support or supervision in their own homes. Some families struggle to fund this kind of service as it is not always free and requires servi ce users to use their own money in order to obtain the service. Home care workers work to a care plan which determines what they do for each service user.However there needs to be clear boundaries between the home care worker and the service user in being friendly and being a friend, otherwise this could lead to considerable emotional demands on the home care worker. There are a combination of factors why some are reluctant to use this service, as it requires ‘strangers’ going into the service users own home and carrying out personal care. Service users can also get very frustrated with home care as there are frequent changes in staff and some are even poorly trained.The service can be unreliable due to staff sickness or not receiving a call due to adverse conditions, leaving the service user stranded. However there are a majority of service users that enjoy home care as it is delivered in the comfort of their own homes, takes pressure off families and can even postpone or stop the need to go in hospital or care homes. Everybody’s illness differs from person to person so it is always important to take into account individuals sensitivities and circumstances, like Anwar were his taken into account?It is not just the individual with the illness that needs to be thought about, the family is often affected to. As we are aware Anwar originated from Pakistan and maybe he did not fully understanding English properly, also Hansa cannot read English very well and this proved difficult when trying to plan and follow meals for Anwar from a leaflet given to her by the nurse. The menu showed typical ‘English’ food; had anyone taken into account that Asians eat western food and their eating patterns differ from our own culture, this can lead to cultural barriers.Should the hospital have translated the diet sheet into the appropriate language that Anwar and Hansa are familiar with? What about communication and visual aids? Should the hospital have provided a translator, so that both Anwar and Hansa fully understand the effects of diabetes? The hospital also could have shown Anwar and Hansa photos of a gangrenous foot or even an amputee, this could have made Anwar think twice about his own health (this could be me). Two per cent of the UK suffers with diabetes, South Asian residents of the UK are 4 times likely to be affected by diabetes than the rest of the population (Block 1, who cares p-85).What about financial worries? Having to follow a healthy eating plan can cause financial burden on the whole family. â€Å"Families struggle to eat healthily amid rising food bills and shrinking budgets† (Guardian 2012), could this be another obstacle in the way of Anwar’s treatment. Can they afford to change the whole family’s diet, or have they enough money for extra food just for Anwar? Should the hospital be taking this into account for the sake of people’s health? However it is also important to th ink about a person’s psychological needs, do they understand what is being asked of them, are they fully aware of the condition that they have.Living with a chronic illness is a demanding job and can often lead to bouts of depression; many people are so overwhelmed by complications that may arise with their health and may experience a number of other emotions apart from depression, anger is also common as to why this is happening to them, mood swings, frustration and fear of the unknown. If such emotions do arise it is important for the health care professionals to support them and encourage them to communicate their concerns straight away, otherwise this can have a long term effect on how they and their families manage their illness, thus helping to improve a erson’s health for the see able future. Over the last century health care has been totally transformed by biomedical science to understand what causes illness and diseases, and to find a cure. However biomedical science is not enough to encourage people to administer their own care. To provide effective health care involves educating, informing, engaging and supporting people and their families, so that they can manage their own treatment. This means you would have to look at things from the service user perspective, asking them how they feel and helping them make sense of their illness.Any treatment that has to be given must take into account peoples cultural, social circumstances and lifestyles. Word Count-1420 Good practice 1) Liz appears to be ensuring Clarice gets the level of support she wants, to do the things she wants, in the way she wants. Liz doesn’t appear to impose an agenda of her own or one defined by Somebody Cares. I think this is supporting Clarice s rights to appropriate services. 2) When Clarice is in conversation with Liz, not only does Liz listen but lets her lead the conversation.Liz puts no time pressure on Clarice and lets her do what she can for herself and only helps when asked by Clarice. Liz is supporting Clarice in maximising her potential to being independent. 3) Clarice opens the door to Liz; they then have a little chat before any tasks are done. Not at any point does Liz talk about another client and lets Clarice lead the way to the bathroom. I think Liz is maximising Clarice’s potential by letting her be as independent as possible and by not divulging confidential information onto Clarice about another client. Bad practice ) Marjorie does not engage Iris in two-way conversation at any point. She talks over her all the time. Consequently, Iris has no chance to give voice to her views or wishes. She doesn’t get a chance to make her point even in her own room. This is not supporting Iris to have a voice or be heard. 2) Iris’s room is treated like a public place, where Marjorie comes and goes as she pleases. Iris is given no dignity in her own room shouting â€Å"do you want the lavvie? † Marjorie moans about another person to Iris, leaving Iris wondering â€Å"does she speak about me to other people†.I think Marjorie has no concept of people’s rights to privacy and confidentiality. 3) Iris is capable of having a bath; she probably would find it a pleasure but unfortunately Marjorie runs it for her. This is not taking into account Iris’s capabilities’ or wishes and definitely not maximising Iris’s potential to run it herself. Word count-346 My tutor’s feedback has helped me to develop my writing, thinking skills and to actually believe in myself. The only negative I had was no reference list, but I did send one (maybe didn’t receive it).The most difficult task I’ve found while doing TMA02 was not to ramble on and miss the point. References The Open University (second edition2010), block 1 who cares, Malta, Gutenberg Press Limited (p-67) & (p-85) Parson, T, (1951) the Social System, Glencoe IL, the Free Press. Department of He alth (DH) (2006) Our Health Our Care, our Say: A New Direction for Community Services, Norwich, The Stationary Office; also available online at www. dh. gov. uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4127453 (Accessed 26 February 2008).NHS Choices (2007) About NHS Services: NHS GPs/Doctors [online], www. nhs. uk/AboutNHSservices/doctors/pages/DoctorsSummary. aspx (Accessed 17 December 2007 www. guardian. co. uk/society/2012/nov/18/families-rising-food-prices-budgets (Accessed 10 November 2012). www. uwic. ac. uk/shss/dom/newweb/Sick_role/Introduction. htm (Accessed 10 November 2012). www. drfosterhealth. co. uk/medical-dictionary/terminology/secondary-care. aspx (Accessed 12 November 2012). www. medicalprotection. org/uk/booklets/common-problems-hospital/communication-between-specialties (Accessed 17 November 2012).

Do Statewide ACT Programs Drive ACT Popularity

Do Statewide ACT Programs Drive ACT Popularity SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is getting more popular each year, though it still might not be as popular as the Plastics. Wondering if having the ACT required in states increases its overall popularity nationwide? And is requiring the ACT the best policy for students? We’ll discuss the statewide ACT policies and how effective they are nationwide. Also, we’ll tell you how to approach the ACT, whether you’re living in an ACT-required state or not! Which States Require the ACT? The following states require the ACT in some form. Note that some states require the ACT Plus Writing, others require the plain ACT, and a few allow students to choose. States that Require the ACT Plus Writing Alabama Hawaii Missouri Montana Nevada North Carolina South Carolina Wisconsin Wyoming States that Require the ACT (No Writing) Arkansas Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi Utah Other Alaska (students choose between ACT Plus Writing, SAT or ACT Work Keys) North Dakota (students choose between ACT without writing or ACT Work Keys) Oklahoma (districts have the option to offer the ACT Have Statewide Testing Programs Increased ACT Participation Nationally? You may be wondering if the various ACT state partnerships have driven an increase in ACT test takers nationally. Indeed, making the ACT a part of the standardized test routines in various states may have caused the ACT to overtake the SAT in popularity. Back in 2001, Colorado and Illinois became the first states to require all high school juniors to take the ACT (although bothhave since switched over to the SAT). This was part of a growing national movement to hold schools accountable for student progress through standardized testing. According to a 2009 report from the ACT, â€Å"Colorado uses the ACT in its Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP) as an eleventh-grade achievement-based assessment that gives the state an indication of how well its public schools are performing at educating students at the K–12 level. Illinois also administers the ACT to all of its public high school juniors as part of its Prairie State Achievement Exam (PSAE). Illinois uses the ACT to measure student progress on meeting state learning.† Illinois and Colorado were the first states to require the ACT. By 2009, Kentucky, Michigan, and Wyoming had followed suit. And, as we’ve seen, the number of states requiring the ACT only continued to grow, which seems to have further driven the ACT's growth. As of 2012, the ACT has surpassed the SAT as the most commonly taken college entrance exam in the US. From the most recent data, 1,924,436 students took the ACT in 2015, while just 1.7 million took the SAT. Given that the ACT is required in some form in 18states while the SAT is only required in four, ACT’s statewide testing partnerships could be seen as a big part of its national increase. The ACT has also been the exam of state in mid-western and southern states, which has added up as those states’ populations have grown. A lot of these expanded partnerships are possible because ACT has marketed itself as an exam that tests what students learn in school, not just â€Å"achievement† or â€Å"ability† like the SAT. Are State ACT Partnerships Good for Students? There are many reasons expanding ACT testing can be a good thing – it can help students apply to college and get scholarships, for one. But there are plenty of reasons it’s not always the best move for students. We’ll discuss both sides below. Reasons Statewide ACT Testing Can Be Beneficial The main reason ACT testing can be good is because it gives ACT access to an entire student population. This means that, free of charge, thousands of students take an important step towards applying to college. Pretty much all colleges require standardized testing, and the ACT is accepted at nearly all. So by giving all students a chance to take the ACT once, for free, these schools make at least one part of the college admission process easier for students. It also gives highly motivated students another chance at the ACT (students who would already be paying to take it once anyway) – which gives them a shot at higher scores and better scholarships. (As we’ve discussed before, the higher your ACT score, the higher the scholarships you can earn.) So instead of paying for two shots at the ACT, like many students do, you only have to pay for one. Finally, requiring the ACT encourages at least some ACT prep in schools. This is good for helping students get into college, but can be bad if it takes away from other instructional goals, as we’ll discuss below. Drawbacks to Statewide ACT Testing Expanding the ACT does not guarantee an increase in students getting good enough ACT scores for college. In fact, scores are stagnating – while there is lots of growth in students taking the test, many students aren't passing the college readiness benchmarks. This means many students are taking the ACT but not getting very good scores, which does not help with college admissions or netting scholarships. Furthermore, requiring the ACT could take away time from other learning if teachers are forced to include ACT prep in their classes. Much of what is tested on the ACT is taught over multiple grade levels, so it could be hard for a teacher to include ACT prep in their normal curriculum. Also, in states that don’t require the ACT Plus Writing, many students will be required to pay to retake the ACT again since many colleges require the ACT Plus Writing. This makes the school ACT more of a practice run for those students, which could contribute to standardized testing fatigue. Finally, requiring the ACT could stress out students who aren’t college bound (with the exception of the states that include Work Keys as a test option alongside the ACT). The ACT is a college entrance examination, and while it claims to test a lot of what’s learned in schools, it’s not a comprehensive test of high school learning. If schools really want a sense of how students are doing, more straightforward tests (with less extreme time constraints) might give them a more accurate picture. What to Do If You Live in an ACT-Required State First of all, make sure you study hard for the school ACT if you’re applying to all-scores schools. The reason? You’ll have to send the score you get for the school test to any â€Å"all scores† schools, so you can’t treat it as a practice run. Also, look to see if your state requires the ACT Plus Writing or not – some states have students take the writing version, others do not. If you’re taking the non-writing version, check to see if colleges you want to apply to require the ACT Plus Writing, since you’ll have to take it again with writing to apply to them. Also, don’t forget about the SAT! If you think you’ll do better on that test, sign up for it instead. Remember, you’re only required to submit one or the other to colleges. Finally, remember SAT Subject Tests – some colleges require those in addition to the SAT or ACT! Even if your school is getting you off the ACT hook, you may still need to sign up for SAT Subject Tests on your own to apply to college. What to Do If You’re Not in an ACT-Required State First, check to see if your state requires the SAT. If your state requires the SAT, it might be easier to take the SAT since your school is paying for it. However, whether you’re in an SAT state or a state where neither test is required, take a practice version of both tests to figure out which one you’ll be best at. Focus on studying for the test you think you’ll be best at, regardless of which test seems to be most popular in your state or district. Maximize your studying time by just taking either the SAT or ACT, not both. What’s Next? Living in an ACT-required state? Learn more about the ACT: how long it is, how it’s scored, and what hints you can get from the directions. Check out the average ACT scores by state to learn how your state stacks up! Get the best methods and strategies for ACT English or SAT Writing, depending on which test you're taking. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Halle Edwards About the Author Halle Edwards graduated from Stanford University with honors. In high school, she earned 99th percentile ACT scores as well as 99th percentile scores on SAT subject tests. She also took nine AP classes, earning a perfect score of 5 on seven AP tests. As a graduate of a large public high school who tackled the college admission process largely on her own, she is passionate about helping high school students from different backgrounds get the knowledge they need to be successful in the college admissions process. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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How to Use Indirect Quotations in Writing

How to Use Indirect Quotations in Writing In writing, an indirect quotation is a  paraphrase of someone elses words: It  reports on what a person said without using the exact words of the speaker. Its also called indirect discourse and  indirect speech. An indirect quotation (unlike a direct quotation) is not placed in quotation marks. For example: Dr. King said that he had a dream. The combination of a direct quotation and an indirect quotation is called a mixed quotation. For example:  King  melodiously praised the veterans of  creative suffering, urging them to continue the struggle. Examples and Observations Note: In the following quoted examples, we would normally use quotation marks because we are giving you examples and observations of indirect quotes from newspapers and books that we are directly quoting. To avoid confusion in addressing the subject of indirect quotes and also situations where you would be shifting between direct and indirect quotes, we have decided to forgo the extra quotation marks. It was Jean Shepherd, I believe, who said that after three weeks in chemistry he was six months behind the class.(Baker, Russell. The Cruelest Month. New York Times, Sept. 21, 1980.) U.S. Navy Admiral William Fallon, commander of the U.S. Pacific Command said he called Chinese counterparts to discuss North Koreas missile tests, for example, and got a written response that said, in essence, Thanks, but no thanks.(Scott, Alwyn. U.S. May Slap China With Suit in Intellectual-Property Dispute. The Seattle Times, July 10, 2006.) In his order yesterday, Judge Sand said, in effect, that if the city was willing to offer incentives to developers of luxury housing, commercial centers, shopping malls, and executive parks, it should also be assisting housing for minority group members.(Feron, James. Citing Bias Order, U.S. Curbs Yonkers on Aid to Builders. The New York Times, Nov. 20, 1987.) Advantages of Indirect Quotations Indirect discourse is an excellent way to say what someone said and avoid the matter of verbatim quoting altogether. It is hard to be uncomfortable with indirect discourse. If a quote is something like Ill be there prepared for anything, at the first hint of dawn, and you think, for any reason, that it might not be in the verbatim zone, get rid of the quotation marks and state it in indirect discourse (improving the logic while youre at it). She said she would be there at the first hint of dawn, prepared for anything. (McPhee, John. Elicitation. The New Yorker, April 7, 2014.) Shifting From Direct to Indirect Quotations An indirect quotation reports someones words without quoting word for word: Annabelle said that she is a Virgo. A direct quotation presents the exact words of a speaker or writer, set off with quotation marks: Annabelle said, I am a Virgo. Unannounced shifts from indirect to direct quotations are distracting and confusing, especially when the writer fails to insert the necessary quotation marks. (Hacker, Diane. The Bedford Handbook, 6th ed., Bedford/St. Martins, 2002.) Mixed Quotation There are many reasons why we might opt to mixed quote another rather than directly or indirectly quote him. We often mixed quote another because (i) the reported utterance is too long to directly quote, but the reporter wants to ensure accuracy on certain key passages, (ii) certain passages in the original utterance were particularly well put ..., (iii) perhaps the words used by the original speaker were (potentially) offensive to an audience and the speaker wants to distance himself from them by indicating that they are the words of the individual being reported and not his own ..., and (iv) the expressions being mixed quoted might be ungrammatical or a solecism and the speaker might be trying to indicate that hes not responsible . ...(Johnson, Michael and Ernie Lepore. Misrepresenting Misrepresentation, Understanding Quotation, ed. by Elke Brendel, Jorg Meibauer, and Markus Steinbach, Walter de Gruyter, 2011.) The Writers Role In indirect speech, the reporter is free to introduce information about the reported speech event from his point of view and on the basis of his knowledge about the world, as he does not purport to give the actual words that were uttered by the original speaker(s) or that his report is restricted to what was actually said. Indirect speech is the speech of the reporter, its pivot is in the speech situation of the report.(Coulmas, Florian. Direct and Indirect Speech, Mouton de Gruyter, 1986.)