Ecotourism Local Singapore - Free Essay Example

A Case study of: Pulau Ubin Island, Singapore Introduction Background Many developing countries frequently use ecotourism as an excellent tool for promoting sustainable development. In many instance, ecotourism is suitable way to protect natural environment and create socio and economic benefit for the local community. What David Weaver says that interest in ecotourism is rationalized among tourism planners and marketers by number of potential assumption regarding sectors environmental, economic and socio cultural benefits (Weaver 1999). There are some ecotourism projects that support to the local community. On the other hand, many ecotourism projects have failed to address some fundamental issues and dont generate the very benefits that are expected to provide by ecotourism. Economic gain of ecotourism may turn into social and environmental damages when inadequately planned and implemented it. Anyhow, ecotourism has continued to gain popularity over the two decades and has developed into worldwide phenomena that show no signs of slowing down. The fact is that ecotourism is one of the rapid growing sectors in the tourism industry (Sharpley 2003). The demand for ecotourism is increasing at an annual rate of 10 to 30 percent (TIES 2000). In this circumstance, it is important to recognize possible physical environment, socio-cultural and economic impacts and its effectiveness as a strategy for sustainable development. Problem statement There are lot of negative impact on the environment and local community due to unsustainable planning and management of ecotourism (Honey 1999). In rural areas, managing and controlling the development of ecotourism may be somewhat complex because of lack of experiences on the subject of the carrying capacity of the host destination. Therefore, it is necessary to have an assessment of potential physical environmental, socio-cultural, and economic impact of ecotourism for the planning of sustainable ecotourism development in an area. Further Analyzing the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for sustainable development of a particular area is important to carry on development activities in future. In that way, Pulau Ubin doesnt experience rapid urbanization like other parts of Singapore. Still it has its own nature and unspoiled environment. But, Singapore government implements several ecotourism development projects on this small island right now. Those projects are so much problema tic and controversial. There are strong voices regarding environmental protection of the Island. Thus, indentifying potential impacts of ecotourism and its compatibility for sustainable development must be studied in Pulau Ubin Island Singapore. Justification of the study According to available literature, ecotourism is growing rapidly in Singapore (Herbig). At the same time, one of the problems regarding ecotourism is that it is developed without satisfying knowledge of the impacts on local environments. It is a rather new type of tourism and yet there are few clear papers written in this field particularly about Pulau Ubin. Therefore, it is better studying about potential physical environmental, economic and socio-cultural impact of ecotourism and its compatibility for sustainable development in Pulau Ubin Island Singapore. Therefore this research attempts to fulfill these objectives as much as possible. Objectives of the research and research question Objectives of this research are To assess possible physical environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism To investigate the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. The following research question will be used to address the purposes of the research What kind of impacts are on the physical environment, economic and socio-cultural due to development of ecotourism? What sort of factors should be taken into account before introducing ecotourism in the Pulau Ubin Island? How ecotourism can be utilized as a tool for local sustainable development Study Area Pulau ubin is the second the largest, first one is Pulau Tekong, offshore island of Singapore. It is located in the strait of johor just opposite to Changi. Pulau Ubin has been described as being boomerang shaped. Pulau Ubin is about 8 Km length and 1.3 to 1.7 Km breadth with the area of 10.3 Km2. It is almost flat land. The highest point is Puaka hill. It is around 74m height from sea level. Pulau Sekudu or Frog Island (opposite Chek Jawa), and Pulau Ketam (opposite Ubin Lagoon Resort) are the two major offshore islets which are very near to the Pulau Ubin. There are several rivers which are meandering through Pulau Ubin in which Sungei Besar and Sungei Mamam are the main rivers. Pulau Ubin is made up mostly of granite. This controls the much of the activities of the island. Especially the name Pulau Ubin arises from this crucial geological structure. Pulau Ubin doesnt experience rapid urbanization and industrialization like main land of Singapore. Still it has its own traditional w ay of living. Most of the people inhabit with the scattered settlement model. Major portion of the population around two third is Chinese and rest is Indians and malays. Major activities of income are subsistence farming, commercial fishing and net-cage fisheries, prawn farming, coconut plantations and so on. This small island is very popular for leisure and recreation activities among local and international tourist. (https://www.wildsingapore.com/ubin/places/geography.htm). Figure 01 Map of the Study Area Methodology Research design Research design helps researcher to decide research approach. That is to say, either qualitative or quantitative or the combination of both. Further, research design put a basic for analyzing the collected data. This will lead the researcher to think of time availability, practical problems and so on (Kitchin and Tate 2000). There are no specific rules and regulations as to how to develop research design. When Kitchin and Tate (2000) point out regarding research design, it is very difficult to give a guideline as to how to design a research. Most of the time, research design is the outcome of the knowledge and imagination of the researcher (Kitchin and Tate 2000). This means, research design comes from researchers own view and judgment. Selection of the research methods will vary according to the nature of the research. Besides, a research method depends on the research problem, research question and experiences of researcher. Accordingly, I adopt qualitative methods in this research to perform well. A literature review will be done to get more information regarding this study. In fact, Secondary data will be used as a supportive data to the primary data. In this research, qualitative methods will be used as key method to get information since this is going to deal with environmental, Economic and socio cultural impact of the ecotourism. Most part of the research may deal with community based activities. Justification of the methodology The qualitative method that I choose in my research is based on the nature of the study. This research partially deals with social aspect. Therefore, qualitative method is considered more suitable to assess possible physical environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism. Crang (2002) points out that Qualitative approaches have enabled the study of, and emphasized the importance of, seeing economic activity as a set of lived practices, assumptions and codes of behavior. Further, Qualitative method is used to understand the lived experience and to reflect on it and sharing the meaning of everyday social world and realities (Limb and Dwyer 2001). In addition, qualitative method is used to collect about the activities, behavior and problems that the people face in their daily context. Further, qualitative methodology is considered as good to study about the diverse view of the stakeholders in the ecotourism since it involves with many different stakeholders interest. W hen we are more stick on the multiple meaning, representation then qualitative methodology is useful one (Limb and Dwyer 2001). Further, qualitative methods will help me to make sure the date that I am going to obtain from different interview in the field. In fact, qualitative methods have its unique features as I mentioned above. But there are certain limitations in the qualitative methods. For instance, sometimes it may be bias. That is to say, there is possibility to have researchers influence in the finding of the research. When many researchers use qualitative methods in their research, theme may be same, but interpretation of the same theme will be in different point of view according to researchers background. When Kvale (1996) points out regarding researchers bias, he says that, there is lack of objectivity in the qualitative research. Objectivity means here is freedom from being bias. There is another critique about qualitative methods that, information for the research use to collect from very small amount of respondents. Therefore it will not represent whole population or the society. Data Types, Sources and Collection This research will be contained both primary and secondary data. Most of the researches and other articles which are related to the study will be reviewed as secondary data. For instance, previous research about the Pulau Ubin Island. Basically, both primary and secondary data will be used to prove the objective of the research. Secondary data will be functioned as more supportive data to the primary data. Methodology of research Methodologically, this study will be carried out in three phases. Phase I concerns the literature reviews. This will be accomplished through searching literature on tourism and ecotourism to discover the possible impacts of ecotourism on visited destinations. The literature review covers books, articles, and website data which will be systematically assessed to identify the three major areas of economic, socio-cultural, and physical environmental impacts on eco-tourist destinations and ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. Primary factors of above mentioned areas will be identified that influence of ecotourism developments and their impacts on the local levels. Phase II applies the factors elaborated upon in Phase I to assess the Pulau Ubin Island. This will be done by using the data that I am going to collect in Pulau Ubin Island during the summer of 2008. The data collection will include observations, interviews with elected officials and some governmental and private business entities, tourists (if possible both international and national tourist) and some secondary data sources. Phase III these data will be assessed according to the identified factors for two purposes: first, to assess possible physical environment, Economic and Socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism in Pulau Ubin Island; second, to look into the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. Sample selection Respondents will be selected by using snowball sampling methods to address the research question and objective of the study. Snowball sampling methods will help the researcher understanding of the problem and research question. For example, key informants will be selected based on their professional status to get more and more relevant information. Tourists will be selected randomly including local tourist. This will diminish some kind of inconveniences to the researcher. Primary data will be collected through around 30 semi-structured interviews that will conduct with 30 people from June 15th to August 15th 2008. These interviews include: 14 villagers, 3 owners of restaurant, 2 employees of the restaurant, 4 employees from companies that are working in the study area, a person from central environmental authority of Singapore, a person from Ministry of Environment of Singapore and 5 tourists (both international and local). Therefore a total of 30 interviews will be conducted and analyzed as part of this research. Semi-structured Key informant and individual interviews In this research, primary and data will be gathered by using semi structure interview and direct observation. Semi structured interviews will be used to collect data from both individual and key informants. Semi structured interviews acts as an effective tool for collecting basic information stakeholders regarding ecotourism. Qualitative methods are methodologically appealing because they allow a wide range of experiences to be documented, voices to be heard, representations to be made and interpretations to be extracted. Open ended qualitative interviews are, after all, the obvious way of allowing people to speak for themselves about their own view and experiences of the world (Limb and Dwyer 2001). When we have interviews it generates lots of information very quickly. So it helps researchers to handle lot of topics of the research at a time. Sometimes, qualitative interview helps us to clarify the problems raised by the interviewer. Always interviews are really good for studying pe oples understanding of meaning, describing their experiences, clarifying their own perspective on their day to day live (Kvale 1996). There are certain critiques on the in-depth and semi structured interviews. That is to say, in-depth and semi structured interviews are very much dependent on the skill of the interviewer. This means, amount of the expected data is based on the expression of the interviewer and how interviewer interacts with informant. In many instance, interview may divert into another direction due to the skill of argument or interest of the informant and sometime there is chance to mislead the interviewer by the key informant (Mikkelsen 2005). This is also one of the disadvantages of having interviews. In the in-depth interviews, it is very difficult to keep important question from omitting that can address our research objectives. Always researcher has to be very careful on the topic and related question when he conducts interviews. Good interviews require expertise in both subject matter and interaction (Kvale 1996). In addition, flexibility of researcher in sequences and words of the interview may affect the result of the informant namely there may be different answers from the different perspective (Mikkelsen 2005). All interviews in this research will be carried out with take into account all of these strength and weakness of the interview. Interview guides are formulated to conduct these interviews (see appendix 01). Participant Observation Other than interviews, participant observation will also be engaged. Participant observation activities contain living with a family in the community, working with them and spending time to understand their activities, behaviors and so on (Laurier 2003). In that way there are possibilities to attain in tourism activities, and meetings of local residents in Puau Ubin Singapore. Participant observation will be used to harmonize and support the interview process in three ways; first, it yields insights that assist in the formulation of questions for interviews. Second, it makes easy relationships with local residents. Finally, participant observation offers the opportunity to confirm or question the information gained through interviews. When Smith (2001) points out there are lots of thing that can only be obtained through participant observation. Participant observation and interviews are not separate activities, but mutually informative methods. When Kitchin and Tate (2000) point out that direct observation is an inductive method to obtain fruitful information. It is important to note, however, that in this research the interviews are the primary source of data, while participant observation plays a supporting role. Data analysis Data of this research will be analyzed according to the theoretical frame work and objective and research questions of this research. The collected data in this study will also be analyzed according to the theoretical framework of the research. The collected date from interviews will be transcribed and coded into theme in relation to the concept, theory and interviewees response and researchers observations. In addition, secondary data will be analyzed by using text analysis. Use of the secondary date will help us to get more understanding of ground situation of the field. Validity and reliability In qualitative research, validity and reliability are two most important factors that should be taken into account when designing, analyzing and evaluating quality of the research. Conclusion of the qualitative research should be very strong and natural to accept it without further doubt or confusion (Kitchin and Tate 2000). There should not be bias in order to get validity and reliability in qualitative research. Validity in qualitative research is a tool to make sure the logical order, foundation, and soundness of the research (Kitchin and Tate 2000). Validity depends on the nature of the theme that we investigated in the field (Kvale 1996). Normally, validity in qualitative research means that true and certain of findings. It can be motioned in anther way that validity measures the truthful of how far reached its intended objectives. Researcher uses series of question to maximize the validity of the research. Each question should be justified in relation to the objectives and rese arch questions of the research to establish validity. Most of the time, validity interlink with empirical knowledge of the subject and area of the research. Reliability is some sort of trustworthiness of the research and findings. Validity and reliability are the two side of a coin because there is no reliability without validity. Presentation of validity will be good enough to reliability later. Patton (2002) says that ability and skill of the researcher in a qualitative research will have major influence on the validity and reliability. In addition reliability will depend on the respondents answer. Form instance, some informant will be reluctant to answer for some sort of question and sometimes they give sort of wrong or biased information. Therefore this will reduce the level of reliability of the study. I have planned to use a combination of qualitative methods to minimize the risk of bias. I will use both semi structured and direct observation to collect primary data. It helps me to crosscheck the data that I am going to collect in the field. I will keep my position as research student and try my best to convince my respondents. And also I will follow the ethical concept of conducting research. Further, snowball sampling method that I am going to use in this research will help me to get more correct or useful informant. This will increase validity and reliability of this research. Besides, there may be some kind of short comes in the date collection and interpretation. It is extremely not easy to avoid some unexpected incidents in the field. I as a researcher will try my best to keep validity and reliability of this research. Limitations Since Ecotourism and sustainable development is a broad topic, it is difficult to include all aspects. Therefore this research has been limited to identifying potential environmental, social and economical impacts of ecotourism and also, analyzing the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. The study area has been limited to an Island to have in-depth study. Field work period is limited to two months. Researcher (me) may face some kind of language barrier in the field. Most of them speak Chinese. But there are people who speak either Tamil or English. Therefore, I hope that I would be able to manage it. Since the study area is very new for the researcher, it may consume few days to get familiar with the area and people. Reference Crang, M. (2002) Qualitative methods: the new orthodoxy? Progress in Human Geography 26, 5 pp. 647-655. Honey, M. (1999). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Kitchin, R. and Tate, N. J. (2000). Conducting Research in Human Geography: Theory, Methodology and Practice, Pearson Education Limited, Essex. Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing, Sage Publications, Lund. Legends of Ubin [Online]// Wildsingapore web site. 2003. 03 15, 2008. https://www.wildsingapore.com/ubin/places/geography.htm. Limb, M. and Dwyer, C. (2001). Qualitative Methodologies for Geographers: Issues and Debates. Oxford University Press, New York. Mikkelsen, B, (2005). Methods for Development Work and Research: A new guide for practitioners, SAGA Publications, New Delhi. Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.), Sage Publication, London. Paul Herbig, P( ?) CULTURE Influlences ON ECOTOURISM PARTICIPATION Marketing and the Environment Lecture Series Lecture 4: available at www.herbigandsons.com/lecture/Ecotourism.doc reviewed on 2008/04/21. Sharpley, R. (2003). Tourism: Tourists Society, ELM publication,Cambridgeshire. Smith, V. L., and Eadington, W. R. (ed) (1992). Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism, New York, John Wiley. The International Ecotourism Society, (2000) Ecotourism Statistical Fact Sheet, Journal of Travel Research. Available at https://www.ecotourism.org/WebModules/WebMember/MemberApplication/onlineLib/MemberApplication/onlineLib/Uploaded/Ecotourism%20Factsheet%202000.pdf reviewed on 2008/04/21. Weaver, D. B. (1999). Magnitude of Ecotourism in Costa Rica and Kenya, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 792-816. Appendixes Appendix I Interview guide Individual Interview guide 01 Individual questions Your occupation? Your age? How long you are living in this area? What kind of economic benefits you gain from ecotourism in this island? What is your experience with ecotourism? Are you working in the tourism industry in this island? What economic activities are undertaken by your family members? What is your average income per month? How does ecotourism support you to improve standard of living? What is your perception on ecotourism in this island? General questions Is there any impact in this island due to ecotourism? Is there unemployment problem in this island? Could you observe any impacts on local employment in this island after set up ecotourism? How do the economic benefits from ecotourism support the services to the island? Most villagers are involved in which aspects of ecotourism? How do the villagers utilize their natural resources to support tourism? What are the local attitudes about sustainable ecotourism? What does the island still need to support sustainable ecotourism? How has the villagers quality of life been influenced by the advent of tourism? What are the negative impacts caused by tourism on the island? Key informant Interview guide 02 Individual questions When was these hotels established here? Why did you decide to establish ecotourism here? What is your experience with ecotourism? Have you observed any conflict related to community conservation? Do you think local people benefit from Ecotourism? How? General questions Who is the management authority? What is the source of funding for management of these hotels? What are the potential tourist attractions here? Where do visitors come from? International or local? What are the good and bad things about Ecotourism on the Pulau Ubin Island? Who is in charge of Ecotourism activities on the Pulau Ubin Island? What are the benefits and challenges about running ecotourism in this area? Does ecotourism contribute to the economic development on the Pulau Ubin Island? Does ecotourism contribute to conservation in the area? And How? What are the opportunities and constrains on livelihood or job in this area? What kind of challenges and opportunities are there in offering good services to the tourists? What types of outside influences are there in the ecotourism development? For instance political influence or public opinion on environment? Interview guide 03 For administrative officers What are the general objectives towards tourism? What are the specific objectives towards ecotourism development? What strategy (or policy) exists for ecotourism development in the Island? What legal documents exist to regulate tourism/ecotourism activities in the Island? What are the specific rules and regulations in these documents for tourism and ecotourism activities? What monitoring mechanisms have been put in place to monitor ecotourism development? What benefits have been realized in terms of ecotourism revenue (e.g. employment, conservation, services, other) for community development? What measures have been put in place to ensure that the local heritage is not threatened by the development of ecotourism in the area? Who are the major stakeholders involved in the management of the ecotourism in Pulau Ubin Island? What challenges have been faced with regard to ecotourism development in Pulau Ubin Island? What are the major constraints that inhibit ecotourism development in Pulau Ubin Island? What opportunities exist for ecotourism development in Pulau Ubin Island? What future plans exist for ecotourism development in this area? Interview guide for Tourist What are your motivations for visiting to this island? What did you like most during your stay on this island? What did you dislike about the stay here? What kind of gifts, souvenirs and services would you like to have available? What are you expectations from the trips to the island? Which elements of sustainable ecotourism do you believe the Island best meets? How did you travel to the area? What is your length of stay in this island? Number of people in your travel party to the island? How did you learn about the island ecotourism? Where are you from? What is your occupation? Who much money you are going to spend during your stay here? Age? Do you think you will travel to this island again? Do you have any other suggestion and comments of your visit? What do you think about ecotourism on the island? What are good things and bad things about ecotourism on the Pulau Ubin Island? Appendix II Work plan of report writing NO Program May 2008 June July August September October November December January February March April May June 2009 1. Proposal preparation X 2. Field work X X X 3. Literature review X X X X X X X 4. Writing outline X X 5. Organizing information X X 6. Analyzing X X X X 7. Organizing the report X X 8. First drat of the thesis X 9. Second draft of the thesis X 10. Finalizing the report X X 11. Submission of the report X 12. Preparation for viva X X

The Black Community Through Vocal Or Instrumental Sounds

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Liberal Democracy and Capitalism after World War 1 - Free Essay Example

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The Effects Of Heart Failure On The Elderly - 1264 Words

The idea of aging is usually a scary thought for many people, but it’s conceived as an inevitable factor as the clock ticks on. As the years pass on by, our bodies start to deteriorate and the normal functions of our young blood will not be as efficient. Usually the blood in our bodies can’t reach certain organs or specific biomolecules in the blood aren’t being provided enough to these vital instruments of our bodies. This leaves a pathway for many diseases and failures in our organs. However, a current study shows that there may be a solution to the dreaded breakdown of our hearts and other functioning organs in our bodies. At Harvard Universities Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), two researchers - Richard T. Lee and Amy Wagers – have discovered a protein found in both mouse and human blood that can reverse the effects of heart failure in the elderly. Richard T. Lee, a Harvard Medical School professor and cardiologist, has many patients of old age who suffer from diastolic heart failure. Amy Wagers, a stem cell biologist and Harvard professor, stresses that the protein, called GDF-11, may be the first effective treatment for the common heart failures that effect many Americans today. The researchers first began to test the result of two mice, an old mouse and a young mouse, sharing the same circulatory system. They did this through a parabiotic mouse system. In other words, the scientists stitched two mice together so that their vascular systems were linked together. TheShow MoreRelatedA Short Note On The Elderly Population : A Final Review Of Literature Synthesis1332 Words   |  6 PagesManagement of Heart Failure in the Elderly Population: A Final Review of Literature Synthesis Lilian Chira Introduction Heart failure is a chronic, debilitating disease affecting 5.1 million Americans; approximately 875,000 new cases are diagnosed each year (Sterne, Grossman, Migliardi, and Swallow, 2014). Heart failure is more commonly diagnosed in the elderly population. There are ways to help manage heart failure like lifestyle modifications and use of pharmacology, and assessment for surgicalRead MoreHeart Failure And The Elderly Population1608 Words   |  7 PagesHeart failure is more commonly diagnosed in the elderly population. There are ways to help manage heart failure like lifestyle modifications and use of pharmacology, and assessment for surgical intervention. Treatment of heart failure requires intensive medical, dietary, behavioral, and lifestyle modification to achieve improved quality of life, fewer hospitalizations, and decreased mortality (Singh, H., McGregor, Nigro, Higginson, and Larsen, 2014). Heart failure is a complex condition thatRead MoreGerontology Case Study1604 Words   |  7 Pagesaging, and the particular problems of old people. With maturation the elderly suffer from age-related changes that effect their overall health and day to day living. Even those these changes provide limitations that can be lived with, these changes can also exacerbate many medical conditions. The elderly client I decided to evaluate, H.J.is a 76 year old african american female, that has a past medical history of chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension, asthma, and renal mass. H.JRead MoreFood Insecurity And Hunger Among Children795 Words   |  4 Pagesto provide food. 1 out of 6 people in America face hunger. This epidemic effects children, adults, those with disabilities, even the elderly. Food insecurity and hunger are whats tearing our nation apart and its only increasing over time. Children are our nations future, and being that they are 13 million children are suffering from hunger. Food insecurity and hunger among children is at a very high percentage. The effects because the lack of nutrients is very severe. Children that suffer fromRead MoreDrug Therapy For High Blood Pressure966 Words   |  4 PagesNisoldipine Medication Administration Sarah Jackson Wor-Wic Community College Nursing 115 Dr. Lynn Derickson November 13, 2014 According to the American Heart Association, one out of every three adults have high blood pressure as of 2013. High blood pressure is directly linked to heart attack, stroke, and congestive heart failure with at least sixty-nine percent of individuals that have had one of the previous listed diseases as also having high blood pressure. High blood pressure or hypertensionRead MoreRadiation versus Chemotherapy in the Elderly with Breast Cancer1113 Words   |  5 PagesChemotherapy in the Elderly with Breast Cancer In clinical practice today the population is increasing in the number of elderly patients, as is the occurrence of breast cancer in women 60 years of age and older. According to Tang et al. (2011) the occurrence of breast cancer in women 65 years old and older is greater than â€Å"400 cases per 100, 000 women† (p. 3). The appropriate treatment options for the elderly are not as standard as those for a younger generation related to the effects the aging processRead MoreOutcomes Management of Nursing Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagesadmission as they transition to alternate levels of care may reduce readmission by 50% (Service, 2008). The intent of this proposed paper is to take a look at hospital readmissions rates in correlation with the patient being elderly and having a diagnosis of heart failure and assess what can be done to positively change these statistics, which increase the quality of care we as healthcare professionals provide to our patients. A Rationale for Selecting the Issue or Problem of Interest HospitalRead MoreThe Care Of Heart Failure Patients Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesTelemonitoring in the Care of Heart Failure Patients Reduce Hospitalization? The heart is a vital organ that the body needs in order to survive and according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) 5.7 million people in the United States suffer from heart failure (HF) and about half of heart failure patients die within five years of diagnosis, (CDC, n.d.). Heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump blood sufficiently in order to meet the body’s need. Heart failure is the main reason for inpatientRead MoreThe Treatment Goal Of 75 Year Old Male With Hypothyroidism1592 Words   |  7 Pagesrange (0.4–2.5mU/L). Treatment of hypothyroidism in elderly subjects is a common task undertaken in general and in sub specialty practice. Treatment of hypothyroidism in elderly subjects is often rewarding, simple and cheap (Roe, 2015). Thyroid hormones (L-thyroxine). Hypothyroidism is classically treated by oral replacement with synthetic L-thyroxine (levothyroxine). Normalization of TSH levels using levothyroxine therapy can ameliorate the effects of comorbidities in older adults (Hennessey, 2015)Read MoreTotal Knee Replacement1425 Words   |  6 Pagestreat Raynauds phenomenon and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Nifedipine acts by selectively bloking calcium channels in myocardial and vascular smooth muscle, including those in the coronary arteries. This results in less oxygen utilization by the heart, an increase in cardiac output, and a fall in blood pressure. It is available as extended-release tablets (XL). ADMINISTRATION ALERTS Do not administer immediate-release formulations of nifedipine if an impending MI is suspected, or within 2 weeks

Nibelungenlied and Parzival Essay - 1567 Words

Nibelungenlied and Parzival Although both the Nibelungenlied and Parzival were composed around the same time (c. 1200), they are vastly different in certain respects—namely concerning the matters of diplomacy, redemption, revenge, and deceit. Some striking similarities do exist among the two texts—concepts of honor (à ªre), loyalty (triuwe), moderation (mà ¢ze) and knightly deeds (à ¢ventiure) are valued highly by both societies. However, each notion is accomplished through different measures in each work. In fact, societal values are taken more to the extreme in Nibelungenlied, and deceit is often used to obtain them. For example, honor manifests itself similarly in each work, but is acted on to a different extent. In both†¦show more content†¦For this reason, Parzival is a much more Christian composition. More specifically, consider first the incidents surrounding Siegfrieds death, which stem from a loss of honor, but point out other important societal values in the Nibelungenlied. Gunther falsely claims, with Siegfrieds approval, that Siegfried is his vassal in order to impress Brunhilde. Siegfried then helps Gunther with the cloak of invisibility to complete tasks of strength, which eventually win Brunhilde. These are deceptions number one and two, and are especially heinous since they occur during a wooing expedition. The third deception of Brunhilde comes about when Siegfried subdues her so that she will sleep with Gunther in the future. The concept of loyalty to ones spouse and to womankind in the world of Parzival forbids any dishonesty in courting endeavors, or any deceit to ones wife. Moreover, nobody openly lies about rank, or social status, because it is far too important of a concept. Gawan is perhaps the only character in Parzival who is not entirely honest about hi s heritage, when he overcomes the Castle of Wonders and frees his relatives. However, his intentions are good—he simply wants to reunite King Arthur to his relatives in a sort of surprise manner, and for that reason any wrong he causes through his silence is almost immediately ameliorated. Finally, the laws governing à ¢ventiure do not allow anyone who uses tricks to win aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Wagnerian3838 Words   |  16 Pagesexhausting epic was the old German poem the Nibelungenlied, which was probably given its final form around the same time as the stories of Parzival and Tristan and Isolde were taking shape, i.e. about the end of the 12th/start of the 13th century. Those other medieval stories were the source of Wagners Tristan und Isolde and his final opera Parsifal. However, having heard the latter and having also read Wolfram von Eschenbachs Parzival, which was Wagners specific source text

Essay about Consultation Advocacy - 1935 Words

Consultation and Advocacy COUN5004 Abstract This paper discusses the importance of both social justice and consultation in the field of counseling. The introduction is an explanation of social justice advocacy, consultation, how it is related to the Marriage and Family counseling, and the different strategies and steps counselors take to advocate for their clients. Next, I discussed how advocacy is related to myself while I become a professional counselor in the area of specialization and my beliefs about advocacy and consultation having similarities and differences. Next, I discussed how advocacy benefits the care provided for children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families related to the specific specialty area in which I am†¦show more content†¦As a marriage and family therapist I will be working with clients of all ages, ethnicities, genders, sexual orientations, religions, and disabilities. It will be my overall responsibility to positively help clients on psychological issues that are too hard to handle the mselves. Advocacy stands out the most when I relate it to the area of specialization I plan to pursue. Advocacy is helping clients change for the better by speaking to the client and helping them cope with their struggles while finding solutions to overcome these difficulties. I will advocate for families, couples, teens, and children. This will take a lot of different training and experience to be able to successfully help the clients improve their psychological well-being. Advocacy is known as the removal of external and institutional barriers to the client’s well-being. Further, Lewis, Lewis, DAndrea amp; Daniels (1998), stated that advocacy serves two primary purposes: (1) increasing clients sense of personal power and (2) fostering environmental changes that reflect greater responsiveness to their personal needs. (p. 172). Many scholars debate whether social justice advocacy and consultation are similar or different. However, many scholars propose that school counselor c onsultation is a practice that naturally overlaps with an advocacy perspective. Both advocacy and consultation encourages counselors to act outside of the counselor/client interaction. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay about Consultation and Advocacy in Counseling1478 Words   |  6 PagesConsultation and Advocacy in Counseling Donna Boyett COUN 5004 Survey of Research in Human Development for Professional Counselors August 4, 2012 195 Wayfair Lane Hinesville, GA 31313 Telephone: (912) 980-1231 Email: Donna.Boyett@hotmail.com Instructor: Kathy Blaydes Abstract This paper discuses the importance of social justice advocacy and consultation in the counseling profession. The introduction is an explanation of social justice advocacy, and the different ways counselors advocateRead MoreMental Health Counseling: Integrating Consultation and Social Advocacy1997 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract With the meshing of consultation and advocacy, mental health counselors can both assist in dealing with the issues that their clients face personally, but also help to make better the world around them. In order to respond to the thesis questions presented in this paper, we must first define consultation and social justice advocacy within the counseling context. Typically, consultation means a general meeting or conference between parties. In the counseling context however, we canRead MoreAdvocacy Core Units 301 304 Learner pac Essay27222 Words   |  109 PagesQualification in Advocacy 7566 Certificate in Independent Advocacy Self Study Pack to accompany Core Modules 301 302 303 304 Purpose and Principles of Independent Advocacy Providing Effective Independent Advocacy Support Maintaining the Advocacy Relationship Providing Advocacy to a Range of Different Groups of People  © Kate Mercer Training www.katemercer-training.com 1 Learner Resource Pack  © Kate Mercer Training www.katemercer-training.com 2 Welcome to the learner pack which will supportRead MoreChallenges Integrating Students With Disabilities6780 Words   |  28 Pages2001). Typical services offered by support offices include regular meetings with a counselor or disability specialist, consultation and collaboration with members of the campus community who serve as support to students (e.g. tutors, advisors, counseling staff), extended deadlines on assignments, academic adjustments and restructuring of class assignments, counseling and advocacy to assist a student as a self-advocate, extended time for test taking in a separate, quiet location to reduce distractionsRead MoreThe Intersection Of Inclusion, School Culture, And Social Jus Tice Leadership7770 Words   |  32 Pagesstudents with disabilities were isolated and institutionalized. Society s perception was that it was not necessary or beneficial to invest time or resources into this group of people (Spaulding Pratt, 2015; Dybwad, 1990; Winzer, 1998). Direct advocacy and litigations caused changes in federal legislation (Griffith, 2015; Lloyd Lloyd, 2015). Due to the civil rights movement, stu-dents with disabilities became part of the public educational system. Our current system has evolved to the levelRead MorePluralism and Policy Making in New Zealand2593 Words   |  11 PagesRichard Mulgan criticised FPP as the reason New Zealand democracy fell â€Å"far short of the ideal standard set by the principles of pluralist democracy† and argued that â€Å"â€Å"In so far as the new constitutional arrangements will impose a greater degree of consultation and compromise; they may be seen as a victory for the principles of democratic pluralism† (Mulgan, 2004, p.322). 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Differences and Similarities among Cultures Essay Example For Students

Differences and Similarities among Cultures Essay Cultures are indistinguishable pieces of a broken glass, nil has the same size and form. However, despite those alterations everything is still of import because the glass could non be completed without every piece. They are all dissimilar for they value a specific infinite where they fit in absolutely. In connexion with Renato Rosaldo’s survey entitled â€Å"Ideology, topographic point, and people without culture† ,the survey claims that Culture could non be identified or seeable for people who have the same civilization as they have. To further explicate the alterations, Culture builds the connexion among groups of people. but it extends to that for the ground that harmonizing to Rosaldo ( 1988 ) , differences builds civilization and it is through the usage of differences, people can detect or could see the civilizations. In his article, he besides explains about the people who do non hold civilization. To be peculiar, the paper made reference that the Philippines is one of the states. This paper shall foreground the grounds why the groups in the Philippines are considered pre- cultural, cultural and post cultural while discoursing about a brief sum-up of Rosaldo’s survey. The intent of puting a sum-up is to supply the readers a brief background on what this paper is speaking about. After which, it shall continue in replying the inquiries 1 ) what are the possible troubles in presuming that there are zones of cultural invisibleness? And 2 ) are at that place people who have no civilization? Furthermore, this paper shall besides include illustrations to farther discuss and back up the treatment and cardinal constructs associated with Culture and the survey of Rosaldo. Background In the first portion of the survey, the writer is seeking to remember his experience when he was still a alumnus pupil and he planned to carry on his research in the Philippines. He was being forewarned by his Professor, verbally showing that the Philippines has â€Å"no culture† and that he must carry on his fieldwork elsewhere, but he went to Manila anyhow ( Rosaldo, 1988 ) . First it was raised that the Philippines has no distinguishable civilization or a higher signifier of civilization such as the people from the West states like the Americans, or some other parts of Asia like the Hindus, Chinese, or like the Indians. The writer explained that through detecting the people he can see no civilization any longer in a manner that the state lacks ethnographic basics. If people would seek to analyse the given text, ethnographic basics are the basic or indispensable elements in depicting a civilization. It is a factor that can be seen easy. Visibility and Invisibility of Culture On the following paragraph, the survey tries to explicate about the visibleness and invisibleness of civilization. Visibility refers to the quality or province in which something is discernible. In footings of civilization, Visibility in civilization negotiations about something that could be seen or observe. In contrast, invisibleness is the province in which some thing is non discernible. The paragraph confirms about the constructs of civilization visibleness and Invisibility and that the ground why most American anthropologist claims that Philippines have no civilization is because the Philippines embody the civilization of western people already. This means that Anthropologists could non detect the civilization of the Filipinos for it seems to be the same with the manner they live. In other words, because of the ground that there are several factors that are similar with the western civilization, the anthropologist assumed that everything is normal to them and that there is no ci vilization. Imagine, a individual could non detect that something is different unless he is non familiar with it. Likewise in this paragraph, the Anthropologist could non detect something for he thinks that those patterns and beliefs are merely normal and that there is nil new. It depicts that the people who study civilizations set a criterion so that they could be able to differences but in the instance of the Philippines, they can non see any differences chiefly because the Philippines lives on a westernized type. They farther concluded that Philippines have no civilization. .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 , .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 .postImageUrl , .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 , .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3:hover , .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3:visited , .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3:active { border:0!important; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3:active , .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3 .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0acecea9fb2aba45d096dcc96ca878e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: English versus Math EssayPeoples without civilization Immigration is the act of come ining or traveling of non-native people into a state to settle at that place in a state to which one in non. Zone of in-migration is similar to a nothing grade civilization because immigrants ( like Filipinos migrating to the U.S. ) replace their indigen and former civilization ( i.e. , Filipino civilization ) with the U.S. civilization. Immigrants adopt the patterns, beliefs, and behaviors of the American citizens ( i.e. , socialization ) and go really absorb into the American civilization in that they behave and seek to go like Americans. Because immigrants are no longer practising their native and former civilization, and alternatively, endeavoring to be portion of a new civilization, they are people without civilization, that is, immigrants abandon their former civilization and yet they can non claim to be indigens of the American civilization. The Post cultural top and the Pre cultural underside This paragraph explains about the hierarchy of civilization in which station cultural is on the top and the Pre cultural is found at the underside. Post cultural refers to the civilization with usage of scientific and modern signifier of civilization. In add-on, people who live in the lowland like are referred as Post cultural. On the other manus, pre cultural is explained as the civilization of the indigens or the civilization who still value forms. They are the people who live in Highlandss or mountain sites. This thought depicts the hierarchy that if a individual lives in a modern manner, that individual could be found on the top of the rank while if a individual still pattern forms, s/he is believed to be inferior or in the bottom part. In connexion with station and pre cultural, Post cultural is found at the top for they live a modern life while the Pre cultural is at the underside for they live natively and that they follow forms of civilization. Scottish lowlanders and Highlanders Scottish lowlanders, as explained by Rosaldo ( 1988 ) are the people who live in the metropoliss and civilised topographic points. They have the inclination to accommodate easy to other civilizations for most of the people are exposed in other civilizations. Unlike them, upper Landers have a individual distinct in which they follow a peculiar form or manner of life. They follow their norms and they do non accommodate other civilizations. They are populating in their ain civilization. Summary and Conclusion Basically, the survey of Renato Ronaldo tries to explicate the civilization is built by differences. Differences help or do a civilization discernible or obvious. Possibly this is the ground why most American anthropologist sees nil in the civilization of the Philippines in the Lowlandss for the people in the Lowlandss adapt easy and that they have adapted the western civilization unlike in the upper land in which they are inclined and rooted with the forms that they believe. Peoples that are with â€Å"no culture† are to be most particularly applied to in-migration. Mentions: Rosaldo, R ( 1988 ) . Ideology, topographic point, and people without civilization. Cultural anthropology, 3 ( 1 ) , 77 -87. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org/stable/656310.